Gender differences in direct aggression appear to be influenced by:

Question

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Gender-typed goals regarding assertion and affiliation influence gender differences in direct aggression. Boys are often socialized to prioritize assertiveness and competition, while girls are socialized to prioritize cooperation and affiliation. This can lead to boys being more likely to engage in direct aggression when they feel their goals are being thwarted, while girls may be more likely to use indirect aggression to maintain relationships while still achieving their goals. Empathy and emotional regulation may play a role in aggression, but are not the primary factors influencing gender differences. There is also no evidence to suggest that parental expectations for aggression differ by gender.

Gender Differences in Direct Aggression Appear to Be Influenced By