Question 1

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated that the:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because the question is about the effects of childcare, and the answer choice D is about the number of changes in caregivers in the first 2 years of life predicting lower social competence and more noncompliance with adults at age 2 years.

Question 2

Describe what is meant by differential susceptibility. Provide an example of how children with a difficult temperament may be differentially susceptible to parenting style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is meant by differential susceptibility....

Question 3

Describe how the sociocultural context in which you grew up might have affected your parents' behaviour toward you. Be specific and give at least three supportive examples. You can think about the sociocultural context as your race or ethnicity, or as the country or part of the country in which you were raised.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the sociocultural context in which...

Question 4

Rex and Paul are both young children who attend high-quality centre-based childcare. Rex is from a low-income family and Paul is from a working-class family. What are the likely effects on their behaviour if they are in childcare for extensive hours?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rex and Paul are both young children...

Question 5

Consider a sibling relationship you know well and briefly describe the level of conflict the pair engaged in during their childhoods. Thinking about the factors outlined in the text that can impact the quality of the sibling relationship, describe two factors that you believe may have increased or decreased the level of sibling rivalry in this particular pair. Be sure to explain how each of the two factors may have played a role.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider a sibling relationship you know well...

Question 6

The employment status of which mother is LEAST likely to lead to negative outcomes for her children?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children whose mothers work outside of the home do not experience negative outcomes as a result of their mother's employment. In fact, some studies suggest that children may benefit from having a working mother in terms of increased academic achievement and higher self-esteem. Therefore, Francene's employment status is least likely to lead to negative outcomes for her children.

Question 7

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated which finding about the effects of childcare on children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The large-scale study funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development found that when childcare was of high quality, it tended to have a positive effect on children's cognitive development.

Question 8

Describe the child development outcomes that are associated with the authoritative style of parenting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the child development outcomes that are...

Question 9

Describe the four parenting styles identified by Diana Baumrind. For each style, describe how it is defined, as well as its effects on children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the four parenting styles identified by...

Question 10

Describe the current psychological understanding of the effects of childcare on children's levels of aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the current psychological understanding of the...

Question 11

Approximately what percentage of mothers with children between the ages of 3 and 5 years was employed outside of the home in 2014?

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2014, approximately 73% of mothers with children between the ages of 3 and 5 years were employed outside of the home. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Options A, B, and D are not accurate.

Question 12

To what does the phrase "bidirectionality of parent‒child interactions" refer? Provide a detailed example of this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To what does the phrase "bidirectionality of...

Question 13

Which guideline is a minimum standard for childcare centres mandated by most Canadian provinces, such as Alberta?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which guideline is a minimum standard for...

Question 14

Maternal employment appears to:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that maternal employment can have different impacts on children based on their gender. It tends to be more likely to be beneficial for girls, encouraging independence and higher career aspirations. Boys, on the other hand, may not experience the same level of positive effects and in some cases might show negative effects, such as behavioral issues, though this is highly dependent on various factors including socioeconomic status, the quality of childcare, and the amount of time spent with parents.

Question 15

Which statement about the effect of childcare on parent‒child attachment is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

While there are mixed findings on the overall impact of childcare on attachment, research suggests that extensive childcare is associated with less secure attachments only when other risk factors are present (such as maternal depression or low sensitivity to the child's cues). Therefore, statement C is the most accurate.

Question 16

Why do some children seem fine following a divorce whereas others do poorly? Describe three factors likely to decrease children's risk for poor adjustment and three factors likely to increase children's risk. Explain the role these factors play.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do some children seem fine following...

Question 17

The large-scale study of the effects of child care that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated that the attachment of children in nonmaternal care was LEAST strongly related to:

Accepted Answer

The study found that the nature of the childcare, such as the quality and type of provider, was least strongly related to the attachment of children in nonmaternal care. Maternal sensitivity, family income, and maternal education were all found to have a stronger impact on attachment.

Question 18

Canadian policy allows parents to take _____ off from work and guarantees that they will not lose their job.

Accepted Answer

Canada's parental leave policy allows parents to take up to 12 months off from work and guarantees that they will not lose their job. This allows for parents to spend quality time with their newborn or newly adopted child without worrying about losing their job or income.

Question 19

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated which finding about the effects of amount of childcare on the social behaviour of children from working- and middle-class families?

Accepted Answer

The study found that more hours in childcare were associated with an increased risk of children exhibiting problem behaviours, such as aggression and disobedience.

Question 20

Maternal employment is more likely to have negative effects on children when:

Accepted Answer

Maternal employment can have negative effects on children when mothers are stressed. Stressful situations can lead to decreased parental responsiveness and emotional availability, which can have negative effects on child development. Adequate supervision, the timing of when mothers begin working, and whether mothers want to work are not necessarily factors that determine whether maternal employment has negative effects on children.

Quiz 12: The Family