Question 1

The ________ system has been shown to be critical to value assessment and involved in signaling errors in reward prediction, generating learning signals, updating goal states, and updating attentional focus on working memory.

Accepted Answer

The role described in the sentence is primarily associated with dopamine, which is an important neurotransmitter involved in rewards and learning. The other options (norepinephrine, striatal, and limbic) may also play a role in these processes but the emphasis of the sentence is on dopamine.

Question 2

In this chapter, the authors provided an example of the graduate school admissions process to demonstrate the flaws of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The example of the graduate school admissions process is often used to illustrate the flaws and biases inherent in human decision-making processes, highlighting how human judgments can be inconsistent and subject to various biases.

Question 3

If a friend of yours had to make a rapid, accurate inference, which of the following would be the least helpful?

Accepted Answer

Making a "pros" and "cons" list may be helpful in some situations, but it would not assist in making a rapid, accurate inference. It involves too much time and cognitive effort. The other choices - having seen several examples and having expertise in a domain - are both useful for making quick and accurate inferences.

Question 4

Research shows that people often hold blatantly false beliefs. Which of the following is NOT a reason why certain robust inferential biases exist?

Accepted Answer

All of the reasons listed (A, B, and C) are potential explanations for why people hold onto false beliefs. Therefore, D is the correct answer.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the sole use of normative models in evaluating intuitive inferences?

Accepted Answer

The other options (A, B, and D) all highlight problems with using normative models to evaluate intuitive inferences, but C is not a problem with normative models. Normative models may be complex, but this is not a problem with using them for evaluation. In fact, complexity is often necessary for accurately modeling the decision-making process.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the effects of accountability?

Accepted Answer

Accountability increases dilution effects because when participants are required to justify their judgments, they may include more irrelevant information to appear thorough, thus diluting the impact of relevant information.

Question 7

Which of the following has research shown to generalize training effects in teaching reasoning, allowing participants to improve in domains in which they have and have not been explicitly trained?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has research shown...

Question 8

Several musical artists are described as "one-hit wonders". Their first hit song or album is incredibly popular, but their second album passes under the radar. Which of the following best describes such occurrences?

Accepted Answer

Regression to the Mean explains how after an extreme event, the next event is likely to be closer to the average. In the context of one-hit wonders, an artist's first major hit is an extreme event, and their subsequent work reverting to less popularity is an example of regression to the mean.

Question 9

In a controversial 1977 paper, researchers Nisbett and Wilson made which of the following claims regarding cognitive processes?

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and Wilson claimed that people have little to no introspective access to their cognitive processes.

Quiz 8: Section 1 : Accuracy and Efficiency in Social Interference