Question 1

Kim has an expressive style of learning language. Ellie has a referential style of learning language. You would expect to find that

Accepted Answer

Kim's expressive style of learning language means that she is more likely to focus on social interactions and the emotional aspects of language, while Ellie's referential style means that she is more likely to focus on the objective meanings of words. Therefore, it is likely that Kim would know more social phrases than Ellie.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the influence of the environment on language development?

Accepted Answer

Questioning children while reading to them encourages active engagement with the text, which can help them to identify and learn the meanings of new words. This method promotes deeper processing of language and enhances vocabulary acquisition.

Question 3

Two-year-old Michael already knows the meaning of the word dog. One day when he is at a park with his mother, they see a dog and his mother points to the dog and says, "That's a collie." Michael is likely to conclude that

Accepted Answer

Since Michael already knows what a dog is, he can distinguish between different types of dogs based on their specific features. Therefore, he is likely to conclude that a collie is a special type of dog with specific characteristics that distinguish it from other types of dogs. Option A is incorrect because Michael already knows what a dog is and can differentiate between other types of dogs. Option B is incorrect because it would mean that all dogs are same and there are no different breeds. Option D is incorrect because collie is not a specific part of the dog's body, but a particular breed of dog.

Question 4

Hannah uses the word cat to refer only to her cat, not to other cats. Hannah's mistake is an example of

Accepted Answer

Hannah's mistake is an example of underextension, where a child uses a word too narrowly, applying it to fewer objects or situations than is appropriate for the language. In this case, Hannah is using the word "cat" to refer only to her own cat, rather than to all cats, which is a classic example of underextension.

Question 5

When children make the mistake of defining a word too broadly, it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Overextension is when a child defines a word too broadly, such as calling all four-legged animals "dogs". Overregularization is the application of regular grammatical rules to irregular words, such as saying "goed" instead of "went". Underextension is when a child defines a word too narrowly, such as calling only their specific pet "dog" and no other dogs. Fast mapping is the ability of children to learn and remember new words after only a brief encounter.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best example of an overextension?

Accepted Answer

Using the word "horsie" to refer to all four-legged creatures is an example of overextension because the child is extending the meaning of "horsie" beyond its usual use to include all animals with four legs, rather than just horses.

Question 7

Children with expressive language-learning styles

Accepted Answer

Children with expressive language-learning styles tend to have vocabularies that consist of many social phrases, as they often use language primarily for social interactions.

Question 8

Overextensions

Accepted Answer

Overextensions occur more often when children are producing words than when they are comprehending words, as they may use a word they know to label multiple items that share some characteristics with the known item, indicating a part of the language acquisition process where children are actively experimenting with language use.

Question 9

According to the rules that young children use to learn the meanings of new words, when Ravisha points to a picture of a boy in a blue shirt and says "boy" her 13-month-old son will assume that the word "boy" refers to

Accepted Answer

According to the rules of mutual exclusivity, young children assume that a new word refers to an unfamiliar object, not something that is already familiar or has a name. In this case, the only unfamiliar object in the picture is the boy, so the child will assume that "boy" refers to the boy.

Question 10

Youngsters with a referential style of language-learning

Accepted Answer

Youngsters with a referential style of language-learning have vocabularies dominated by the names of objects, persons, or actions. This means they focus more on the meaning and referential aspects of language rather than using it solely as a social tool or for asking questions.

Question 11

Which of the following is positively related to the size of a child's vocabulary?

Accepted Answer

Reading written material is positively related to the size of a child's vocabulary as it exposes them to new words and concepts.

Question 12

Children with a referential style of learning language use language mainly as a(n) ________ tool whereas children with an expressive style of learning language use language primarily as a(n) ________ tool.

Accepted Answer

Children with a referential style use language mainly as an intellectual tool, meaning they use language to refer to objects, people, or events, and to gain knowledge about the world. Children with an expressive style, on the other hand, use language primarily as a social tool, meaning they use language to establish and maintain social relationships and to regulate their emotions.

Question 13

When Utsav is riding in the car with his mother, he will point at buses, vans, bikes, and trucks and say "car." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of overextension, as Utsav is using the word "car" to refer to a broader range of vehicles than just cars.

Question 14

Nicole is being raised in a home where both English and Spanish are spoken. She is likely to

Accepted Answer

Nicole is likely to mix words from both languages at first, but research has shown that bilingual children catch up to monolingual children in language proficiency by the age of five or six. In fact, bilingual children often have advantages in certain aspects of language learning, such as enhanced problem-solving skills and recognition of different linguistic and cultural perspectives.

Question 15

Eighteen-month-old Zach's vocabulary consists mainly of words that are the names of objects, persons, or actions. Zach has a(n) ________ style of learning language.

Accepted Answer

A referential style of learning language is focused on using words to refer to objects, persons, or actions. Zach's vocabulary consisting mainly of these types of words suggests that he is using language in a referential manner.

Question 16

Defining a word too narrowly is known as

Accepted Answer

Defining a word too narrowly is known as underextension. Overextension is defining a word too broadly, fast mapping refers to the ability to learn and remember new words quickly, and overregularization is the application of grammar rules in situations where they do not apply.

Question 17

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement concerning the rules children use to learn new words?

Accepted Answer

A) This statement describes the principle of mutual exclusivity, where children assume that each object has one unique name. When they encounter a new word among known and unknown objects, they tend to associate the new word with the object that doesn't already have a name. This principle helps children efficiently learn new words by leveraging their existing vocabulary.

Question 18

Bilingual children

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that bilingual children have an increased awareness that words are arbitrary symbols because they have to navigate two different languages with different sets of rules. However, this does not mean they have lower IQ scores or a linguistic disadvantage in elementary school. While bilingual children may face some challenges with grammar initially, they typically catch up quickly and develop strong language skills in both languages.

Question 19

Joanne and Dennis want to do all they can to expand their preschooler son's vocabulary. Which of the following would you recommend to them?

Accepted Answer

Watching Sesame Street regularly is an effective way to expand a preschooler's vocabulary as the show introduces new words and concepts in a fun and engaging way. option A is not recommended as asking open-ended questions about the story can also help expand vocabulary. Option C and D are not effective ways to expand vocabulary.

Question 20

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n) ________ style of learning language.

Accepted Answer

Lenny's use of social phrases indicates an expressive style of learning language, where the focus is on using language for social interaction and expressing emotions, rather than just labeling objects or referring to them.

Quiz 9: B: Language and Communication