Question 1

Compared to an industrial society,a postindustrial society is based on:
A)an information-based economy.
B)a factory-based economy.
C)an immigrant labor force.
D)a less productive economy.

Accepted Answer

A postindustrial society is characterized by an increase in the importance of the service sector and a shift towards an information-based economy, where knowledge, innovation, and technology are critical to the creation of wealth. It is a society that has moved beyond the traditional industrial economy, where heavy industry and factory-based production were dominant. Immigration and productivity levels may still be significant factors in a postindustrial society, but they are not defining features.

Question 2

Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology:
A)is entirely positive.
B)has both positive and negative effects.
C)is entirely negative in its effect.
D)has no effect on the quality of human life.

Accepted Answer

Lenski argues that the development of more complex technology has both positive and negative effects on human societies. On the one hand, technology can increase productivity and make our lives easier, but on the other hand, it can also lead to social and environmental problems, such as pollution and job displacement. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it recognizes that there are both positive and negative effects of technology development.

Question 3

As the suffering of workers became worse,Marx predicted that they would:
A)eventually starve to death.
B)rise up against the capitalist system.
C)go into business for themselves.
D)demand that women as well as men join the labor force.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that as the exploitation and suffering of the working class increased, they would eventually recognize the inherent flaws in the capitalist system and overthrow it in a revolution. This idea is at the core of Marx's theory of communism.

Question 4

In terms of social inequality,agrarian societies generally:
A)have much more inequality than less productive societal types.
B)have about the same amount of social inequality as less productive societal types.
C)have less social inequality than less productive societal types.
D)come very close to being egalitarian societies.

Accepted Answer

Agrarian societies typically have more social inequality compared to less productive societal types due to the accumulation of land and resources by a relatively small elite, leading to significant disparities in wealth and power.

Question 5

Which of the following types of society has the most productive specialization?
A)hunting and gathering
B)horticultural and pastoral
C)agrarian
D)industrial

Accepted Answer

Industrial societies have the most productive specialization because they have advanced technology, a highly developed division of labor, and efficient means of transportation and communication. This allows for mass production and distribution of goods and services, leading to higher levels of productivity and economic growth compared to other types of societies.

Question 6

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?
A)pastoral
B)horticultural
C)industrial
D)agrarian

Accepted Answer

The birth of the discipline of sociology occurred in the development of industrial society, which emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries, as traditional agrarian societies transitioned to modern urban and industrial societies. The complex nature of these societies, with their new social, economic, and political structures, created a need for a more scientific and comprehensive understanding of social behavior, which led to the development of sociology as a discipline.

Question 7

Marx described the widespread beliefs that supported the capitalist economic system as:
A)false consciousness.
B)class consciousness.
C)cultural awareness.
D)revolutionary politics

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that the beliefs and values held by the working class under capitalism were a form of false consciousness - they were unaware of their exploitation by the capitalist class and believed in the legitimacy of the capitalist system. This prevented them from developing class consciousness and organizing to overthrow the system.

Question 8

Assume you are studying a society that has just invented cities,has increasing specialization,and has just started using money to buy and sell goods and services.It is likely that the society is at which stage of sociocultural evolution?
A)hunting and gathering
B)horticultural and pastoral
C)agrarian
D)industrial

Accepted Answer

The use of cities, specialization, and money are all characteristics of an agrarian society. Hunting and gathering societies rely on hunting and gathering for subsistence without permanent settlements, horticultural and pastoral societies have settled communities but still rely primarily on agriculture, and industrial societies are characterized by the use of machinery and mass production, which is beyond the description given in the question.

Question 9

Industrialization changes societies in many ways.All of the following except for one are changes brought on by industrialization.Which is NOT such a change?
A)A larger share of a society's people live in cities.
B)There are fewer types of jobs and fewer people now work for income.
C)The rate of social change increases.
D)Advances in communication and transportation make society seem smaller.

Accepted Answer

Industrialization actually brings more types of jobs and more people working for income, as new industries emerge and the overall economy grows.

Question 10

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is:
A)the family.
B)religion.
C)politics.
D)the economy.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx believed that the dominant social institution is the economy because he saw it as the foundation upon which all other aspects of society were built. For Marx, economic relations determined social relations, and the struggle between the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and the working class (the proletariat) was central to the development of society.

Question 11

As Marx used the concept,alienation means:
A)the sense of not knowing right from wrong.
B)that most people do not want to work at all.
C)that people object to highly specialized work.
D)the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness.

Accepted Answer

Marx used the concept of alienation to describe the experience of isolation, powerlessness, and misery that workers in capitalist societies can feel. This is particularly true when they are unable to find meaning in their work, or they lack control over the end products of their labor. Thus, the best choice is D - the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness.

Question 12

Films about advancing technology,including "Frankenstein," make the point that advancing technology:
A)not only solves some problems but creates new ones.
B)is the solution to all human problems.
C)will never do anything good for humanity.
D)All of the above are correct

Accepted Answer

Films about advancing technology, including "Frankenstein," often portray the idea that while technology can solve certain problems, it can also create new ones. This is a common theme in science fiction and cautionary tales about the potential negative consequences of technology. The other options, B and C, are too extreme and do not reflect the nuanced perspective that many films and stories offer on the topic.

Question 13

Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits:
A)proletarians.
B)peasants.
C)capitalists.
D)burghers.

Accepted Answer

Marx referred to those who own and operate factories and businesses as capitalists.

Question 14

Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was:
A)very productive.
B)concentrating wealth in the hands of a few.
C)giving rise to two great classes: capitalists and proletarians.
D)All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true based on Karl Marx's beliefs. He believed that the industrial-capitalist system was very productive, but that it was also concentrating wealth in the hands of a few, leading to the rise of two great classes: capitalists and proletarians. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 15

In the socialist society Marx hoped to see,which of the following would be true?
A)Capitalists would pay fair wages to workers.
B)Class conflict would no longer exist.
C)All people would do the same work.
D)Factory technology would be abolished.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that a socialist society would eliminate class conflict, as the means of production would be collectively owned and controlled by the workers. In this society, there would be no capitalist class to exploit the working class, and the class divisions that exist in capitalist society would disappear. However, Marx did not suggest that all people would do the same work or that factory technology would be abolished. Instead, he argued that workers would have greater control over their labor, and that technology could be used for the benefit of all, rather than simply to generate profits for capitalists. There is also no guarantee that capitalists would automatically pay fair wages without the pressure of organized labor movements and government regulation.

Question 16

The driving force of social change,according to Marx,is:
A)advancing technology.
B)social conflict between classes.
C)dominant ideas.
D)the way in which society is held together.

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that the primary driving force of social change was the social conflict between classes. He saw society as divided between a ruling class (bourgeoisie) who own the means of production and a working class (proletariat) who sell their labor to survive. The conflict between these classes over control of resources and power was seen as the engine of social change, leading to the overthrow of the ruling class by the working class and the establishment of a classless society.

Question 17

Marx noted 4 ways in which capitalism alienates workers.Which of the following is NOT 1 of these 4 ways?
A)alienation from the act of working
B)alienation from human potential
C)alienation from the family
D)alienation from the product of work

Accepted Answer

Marx did not include alienation from the family as one of the four ways in which capitalism alienates workers. His four forms of alienation are alienation from the act of working, alienation from human potential, alienation from other people, and alienation from the product of work.

Question 18

Marx described alienation as involving which of the following?
A)alienation from the act of working
B)alienation from the products of work
C)alienation from other workers
D)All of the above are correct

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that alienation involved all three aspects: alienation from the act of working (the labor process becomes a means to an end rather than enjoyable in and of itself), alienation from the products of work (the worker has no ownership or control over the goods they produce), and alienation from other workers (competition and exploitation create conflict instead of cooperation).

Question 19

Many people have marveled at the Great Wall in China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt.These monuments stand as evidence of the productive power of which type of society?
A)hunting and gathering
B)horticultural and pastoral
C)agrarian
D)industrial

Accepted Answer

The Great Wall in China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt were constructed during the agrarian society which depended on intensive farming and irrigation. These monuments required a large workforce and organized societal structure to be built, which was only possible in an agrarian society.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE?
A)"Canadian society" is problematic
B)Quebec wants to be recognized as a "special society"
C)all ethnic groups have the characteristics of a "society"
D)a "society" need not be aware of itself to be an independent entity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE?
A)"Canadian society"...

Quiz 4: D: Society

Compared to an industrial society,a postindustrial society is based on:

Gerhard Lenski claims that the development of more complex technology:

As the suffering of workers became worse,Marx predicted that they would:

In terms of social inequality,agrarian societies generally:

Which of the following types of society has the most productive specialization?

The birth of the discipline of sociology took place during the development of which type of society?

Marx described the widespread beliefs that supported the capitalist economic system as:

Assume you are studying a society that has just invented cities,has increasing specialization,and has just started using money to buy and sell goods and services.It is likely that the society is at which stage of sociocultural evolution?

Industrialization changes societies in many ways.All of the following except for one are changes brought on by industrialization.Which is NOT such a change?

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is:

As Marx used the concept,alienation means:

Films about advancing technology,including "Frankenstein," make the point that advancing technology:

Marx called those who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits:

Karl Marx believed that the industrial-capitalist system was:

In the socialist society Marx hoped to see,which of the following would be true?

The driving force of social change,according to Marx,is:

Marx noted 4 ways in which capitalism alienates workers.Which of the following is NOT 1 of these 4 ways?

Marx described alienation as involving which of the following?

Many people have marveled at the Great Wall in China and the Great Pyramids in Egypt.These monuments stand as evidence of the productive power of which type of society?

Which of the following is TRUE?