Question 1

Proponents for legalizing cannabis argue that it is useful in the treatment of all of the following medical conditions, except:

Accepted Answer

While proponents for legalizing cannabis argue that it is useful in the treatment of several medical conditions, including nausea in cancer patients, asthma, and glaucoma, there is no evidence to suggest that it is helpful in the treatment of acid reflux.

Question 2

Clare likened her "high" to an orgasm, with a tingling sensation and sense of warmth all over and then feelings of lethargy. She nodded off and had vivid dreams. Which of the following drugs was Clare using?

Accepted Answer

Clare's description of a tingling sensation and lethargy along with vivid dreams suggests she was using opioids, which are known to produce these effects. Cocaine tends to produce a sense of euphoria and increased energy, while marijuana can cause relaxation and altered perceptions. Alcohol can cause varying effects including impaired judgement, impaired coordination, relaxation, and drowsiness, but is less likely to produce the specific symptoms that Clare described.

Question 3

According to your text, which of the following is a consequence of nicotine on an unborn fetus?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine can restrict the blood flow to the placenta which reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrients that the fetus receives, leading to low birth weight.

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a club drug?

Accepted Answer

Crack is not considered a club drug as it is a form of cocaine that is typically smoked rather than taken in pill or powder form at social events. Ketamine, ecstasy, and Rohypnol are all commonly used club drugs.

Question 5

At higher doses, PCP produces all of the following effects, except:

Accepted Answer

PCP (Phencyclidine) at higher doses can cause amnesia, respiratory problems, and coma due to its potent effects on the central nervous system. However, depersonalization is more commonly associated with lower or moderate doses of PCP, where users might experience feelings of detachment from their environment or self.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is not true about smoking?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine actually stimulates the central and peripheral nervous systems rather than suppressing them. It increases heart rate and blood pressure, contrary to the suppression of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems mentioned in option B.

Question 7

What is the effect of cannabis on cognition?

Accepted Answer

Cannabis use is known to impair short-term memory and attention. Studies have shown that regular cannabis use can result in decreased cognitive functioning, especially in tasks involving memory, attention, and executive functioning.

Question 8

Why is cannabis considered a hallucinogen?

Accepted Answer

Cannabis is considered a hallucinogen because at moderate to large doses users experience perceptual distortions, feelings of depersonalization, and paranoid thinking. While it is not as potent as LSD, PCP, or MDMA, it can still cause hallucinogenic effects. It is worth noting that cannabis also has other effects beyond hallucinations, such as relaxation, euphoria, and altered sensory perception.

Question 9

Users of which of the following drugs are at the highest risk for developing HIV?

Accepted Answer

Injection drug users, particularly those using opioids, have the highest risk for HIV transmission. This is because sharing needles and other injection equipment is a common way for the virus to spread. PCP, benzodiazepines, and alcohol use do not have the same level of needle sharing and injection risks associated with them.

Question 10

Jamaican "ganja," Indian "bhang," and African "kif" all refer to which of the following substances?

Accepted Answer

Jamaican "ganja," Indian "bhang," and African "kif" are all slang terms for marijuana.

Question 11

Which of the following substances is most similar to substances occurring naturally in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Opioids are most similar to substances occurring naturally in the human body because the body produces its own opioids, known as endorphins, which function as neurotransmitters to modulate pain and stress.

Question 12

Which of the following drugs are considered to be hallucinogens?

Accepted Answer

LSD, phencyclidine (PCP), and peyote are all considered to be hallucinogens, as they alter perception, mood, and thought processes. Cocaine and amphetamines are stimulants, heroin and morphine are opioids, and alcohol and cannabis can have a range of effects that include altering mood and perception but are not typically classified as hallucinogens.

Question 13

How are gambling and sex addiction classified in the DSM-IV-TR?

Accepted Answer

Gambling and sex addiction are classified as impulse control disorders in the DSM-IV-TR. This means that individuals have difficulty controlling their impulses to engage in certain behaviors, despite negative consequences. This classification is now updated in the DSM-5, where gambling disorder is classified as a separate diagnosis under the category of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders.

Question 14

Whenever Mervin ran out of cigarettes, his personality changed. He became irritable, depressed, angry, anxious and restless. He would have his children run out to the car to find "the longest butts." Soon after he lit the crumpled cigarette butt and inhaled the smoke, he returned to his loving, fun, jovial self. This was a constant pattern of behaviour for Marvin. This example provides support for which of the following positions?

Accepted Answer

The example of Mervin's behavior when he runs out of cigarettes and experiences personality changes supports the notion that nicotine is an addictive substance. The physical addiction to nicotine can lead to withdrawal symptoms that can cause mood changes, irritability, and anxiety. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 15

Which of the following neurotransmitters is not involved in smoking behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is primarily involved in the body's fight-or-flight response and is not directly linked to the reward and addiction pathways associated with smoking behavior, unlike dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Question 16

According to current studies on smoking in North America, which of the following findings is true?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the decrease in smoking rates has been greater for men than for women in North America, reflecting successful public health campaigns and changing social norms around smoking.

Question 17

Long-time users of the drug "Ecstasy" are at risk for all of the following problems, except:

Accepted Answer

While Ecstasy use is associated with a range of health risks including paranoia, cardiac problems, and liver damage, encephalitis is not typically seen as a direct consequence of Ecstasy use.

Question 18

Which of the following drugs are synthetic opioids prescribed to relieve pain?

Accepted Answer

Lorcet, Lortab, and Vicodin are all synthetic opioids prescribed to relieve pain. Motrin and Ibuprofen are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Benzedrine, Dexedrine, Ritalin, Xanax, Librium, Halcion, and Effexor are all medications used to treat various mental health conditions such as ADHD, anxiety, and depression, but they are not opioids prescribed for pain relief.

Question 19

At lower doses, PCP produces all of the following effects, except:

Accepted Answer

At lower doses, PCP typically causes effects such as talkativeness, hypertension, and vertigo, but hyperthermia is not commonly associated with low doses of PCP.

Question 20

Which of the following is a biological cause of cravings for a substance?

Accepted Answer

Neural sensitization in the mesolimbic dopamine system is a biological cause of cravings for a substance. This system involves the release of dopamine in response to rewarding stimuli, which can lead to repeated use and sensitization of the neural pathways involved in the reward center of the brain. This can cause increased craving for the substance and addiction.

Quiz 17: Adjustment Disorders and Life-Cycle Transitions