One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:

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A clinical scientist is someone who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality. They use empirical methods and scientific principles to understand mental health and illness. Mentalist and legalist are not commonly used terms in this context, and practitioner may be too broad to accurately describe a clinical scientist.

One Who Systematically Gathers Information in Order to Describe, Predict