Question 1

In addition to the practice described above, biologists reconstructing phylogenies have also employed _______ methods, which make use of a mathematical model of evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to the practice described above,...

Question 2

Tribolium castaneum is a beetle found in flour and other stored products. Tribolium is the name of the _______ to which this beetle belongs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tribolium castaneum is a beetle found in...

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below. 
-Circle the root of the tree.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions :
Refer...

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below. 
-Which of the taxa in the diagram are monophyletic?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions :
Refer...

Question 5

Our system of classification is derived from one developed by the eighteenth-century Swedish biologist _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Our system of classification is derived from...

Question 6

When constructing phylogenetic trees, biologists often rely on the principle of _______, which states that the preferred phylogeny is the one that requires the fewest homoplasies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When constructing phylogenetic trees, biologists often rely...

Question 7

A taxon that includes the common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants, is said to be _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A taxon that includes the common ancestor...

Question 8

To make inferences about the vision of the ancestor of birds, dinosaurs, and crocodiles, biologists have used phylogenetic methods to reconstruct a pigment called _______, which was involved in the ancestor's vision.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To make inferences about the vision of...

Question 9

A group that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor is called

Accepted Answer

A clade is a group that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor. The other options are not the correct term for this definition: A grade refers to a group that is defined by a certain level of morphological complexity, but not necessarily all descendants of a common ancestor; a taxon refers to any group of organisms, and does not necessarily imply a common ancestor; a homology is a shared characteristic due to a common ancestry, but does not refer to an entire group of organisms; an ingroup is a group of organisms being analyzed in a phylogenetic study, but does not necessarily imply all descendants of a common ancestor.

Question 10

Members of genus X, a hypothetical taxon of invertebrates, have antennae with a variable number of segments. Species A and B have 10 segments; species C and D have 9 segments; species E has 8 segments. In all other genera in this family (including genus Y), all species have antennae with 10 segments. Which of the following character states is a synapomorphy that would be useful for determining evolutionary relationships within genus X?

Accepted Answer

A synapomorphy is a shared derived character state. Antennae with fewer than 10 segments in species C, D, and E is a derived trait within genus X, distinguishing these species from those with the ancestral 10-segment condition.

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. 
-The position of which of the following pairs of taxa could be reversed without changing the meaning of the tree?

Accepted Answer

Crocodile and pigeon are sister taxa, meaning they are more closely related to each other than to any other taxon on the tree. Therefore, if their positions were reversed, the overall structure of the tree and the relationships among the other taxa would remain the same. Reversing the positions of the other pairs of taxa would result in a different tree structure and altered relationships among taxa.

Question 12

According to the diagram below, which of the three phylogenetic trees of the Drosophila species is different from the other two?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the diagram below, which of...

Question 13

A synapomorphy is

Accepted Answer

A synapomorphy is a shared derived characteristic that is present in the common ancestor of a group and has been passed down to its descendants. This distinguishes it from convergent evolution (A) and evolutionary reversals (B). It is also not a phylogenetic tree (E) but rather a character or trait.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. 
-Which of the following synapomorphies unites the salamander and the lizard?

Accepted Answer

Salamanders and lizards do not share any of the listed synapomorphies. Salamanders are amphibians and do not have keratinous scales or claws/nails, which are characteristics of reptiles like lizards.

Question 15

The hypothesis that the rate at which a particular molecule evolved among different species is consistent enough to serve as a guide to evolutionary divergence is known as the _______ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis that the rate at which...

Question 16

Phyla are composed of _______, which in turn are composed of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phyla are composed of _______, which in...

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. 
-Which of the following synapomorphies unites the pigeon and the lizard?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions :
Refer...

Question 18

In plant classification, the suffix _______ is used to denote names of families.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plant classification, the suffix _______ is...

Question 19

Gibbons are more distantly related to humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas than the three are related to one another. Thus, gibbons are considered to be a(n) _______ in relation to the other three.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gibbons are more distantly related to humans,...

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. 
-Which of the following constitute a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A monophyletic group includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Chimpanzee and mouse share a common ancestor, and adding pigeon and crocodile creates a larger monophyletic group. Therefore, both choices a and c are correct. Choice d is not correct because it does not include all the descendants of the common ancestor, and choice b is not correct because it includes lizard which does not share the same common ancestor as the other species in the group.

Quiz 22: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

In addition to the practice described above, biologists reconstructing phylogenies have also employed _______ methods, which make use of a mathematical model of evolutionary change.

Tribolium castaneum is a beetle found in flour and other stored products. Tribolium is the name of the _______ to which this beetle belongs.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below. -Circle the root of the tree.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below. -Which of the taxa in the diagram are monophyletic?

Our system of classification is derived from one developed by the eighteenth-century Swedish biologist _______.

When constructing phylogenetic trees, biologists often rely on the principle of _______, which states that the preferred phylogeny is the one that requires the fewest homoplasies.

A taxon that includes the common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants, is said to be _______.

To make inferences about the vision of the ancestor of birds, dinosaurs, and crocodiles, biologists have used phylogenetic methods to reconstruct a pigment called _______, which was involved in the ancestor's vision.

A group that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor is called

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. -The position of which of the following pairs of taxa could be reversed without changing the meaning of the tree?

According to the diagram below, which of the three phylogenetic trees of the Drosophila species is different from the other two?

A synapomorphy is

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. -Which of the following synapomorphies unites the salamander and the lizard?

The hypothesis that the rate at which a particular molecule evolved among different species is consistent enough to serve as a guide to evolutionary divergence is known as the _______ hypothesis.

Phyla are composed of _, which in turn are composed of _.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. -Which of the following synapomorphies unites the pigeon and the lizard?

In plant classification, the suffix _______ is used to denote names of families.

Gibbons are more distantly related to humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas than the three are related to one another. Thus, gibbons are considered to be a(n) _______ in relation to the other three.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. -Which of the following constitute a monophyletic group?