Question 1

About half of all late adolescents are in which of Marcia's identity statuses?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

The concept of "identity statuses" is associated with

Accepted Answer

The concept of "identity statuses" is associated with James Marcia, who expanded on Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development to propose four identity statuses: foreclosure, diffusion, moratorium, and achievement.

Question 3

Strong commitment after an active search of choices is known as

Accepted Answer

According to James Marcia's theory of identity development, identity achievement is the stage where an individual has gone through an active exploration of different identity options (individuation) and has made a commitment to a chosen identity. This is characterized by a strong sense of self and a clear understanding of one's values and beliefs. Autonomy refers to an individual's ability to make independent choices and decisions, while moratorium resolution refers to the stage where an individual is actively exploring different identity options but has not yet made a commitment. Therefore, the best choice in this case is B, identity achievement.

Question 4

Twenty-eight-year-old Mary has worked at the same bookstore since she was 19 and has now begun to question both her choice of occupation and the direction of her life.According to Erikson,this appears to be a manifestation of

Accepted Answer

Mary's questioning of her occupation and life direction suggests a lack of clarity and confidence in her identity, indicating identity confusion according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Retrenchment refers to a process of reassessing and readjusting goals in midlife, while regression refers to reverting to earlier immature behaviors, and ego inferiority relates to feelings of inadequacy and low self-worth.

Question 5

According to Erikson,the conflict of adolescence is

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that the conflict of adolescence is the struggle to establish a sense of identity while avoiding identity confusion. This is reflected in his stage theory of psychosocial development with the fifth stage being identity versus identity confusion. The other options, industry versus inferiority and identity versus inferiority, are conflicts that occur in earlier stages of development. The option D is not a recognized conflict in Erikson's theory.

Question 6

According to Marcia,adolescents who make commitments for their future based on plans that were made by others are in a state of

Accepted Answer

According to Marcia's theory of identity development, foreclosure is a state in which adolescents make commitments for their future based on plans or values that were predetermined by others (usually their parents or authority figures), without exploring other options or alternative identities. In contrast, moratorium is a state of active exploration and experimentation of different identity possibilities, achievement is a state of having successfully resolved identity issues and made commitments based on personal exploration, and commitment refers to the final stage of identity development where individuals have made personal decisions about their values and goals.

Question 7

The search for identity begins in adolescence and ends when

Accepted Answer

The search for identity is a lifelong process, as individuals continue to develop and evolve throughout their lives, facing new challenges and experiences that may require them to reassess and redefine their sense of self. While certain milestones and achievements, such as a theory of self or intimacy, may be important along the way, they do not necessarily indicate an end to the search for identity.

Question 8

Marcia defines _____ as a period of conscious decision-making during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

According to Marcia's theory of identity development, crisis is defined as a period of conscious decision-making during adolescence. It involves a period of exploration, questioning, and decision making about one's values, beliefs, and identity. Therefore, the best answer is B. Identity status (A) refers to the result of the crisis stage, which can include identity achievement or identity confusion. Commitment (C) is the outcome of the crisis stage, where an individual makes a commitment to certain beliefs, values, or a career path. Identity confusion (D) refers to a state of uncertainty and lack of direction in one's life.

Question 9

According to Erik Erikson,the primary risk of adolescence is

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial risk of adolescence is identity confusion. Adolescents go through a period of intense self-exploration and experimentation in order to form a cohesive sense of self. If they are unable to do so, they may experience confusion and uncertainty about their identity, which can lead to difficulties in relationships and other areas of life.

Question 10

Teenagers' cliquish behavior and intolerance of differences represents what Erikson refers to as

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence is a stage where individuals are trying to establish a sense of identity. Cliques and intolerance of differences can serve as a defense mechanism against confusion and insecurity about one's identity. Therefore, this behavior represents defenses against identity confusion.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about adolescent males' development of identity and intimacy most closely reflects Erikson's theory?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasizes the importance of resolving the identity versus role confusion stage before progressing to the next stage, which is intimacy versus isolation. According to him, it is impossible to form healthy mature relationships if an individual does not have a stable sense of self-identity. Therefore, Option A is the most closely reflecting statement of Erikson's theory.

Question 12

The theoretical concept of the search for identity as a healthy part of normal human development can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson developed the concept of identity formation as a key aspect of healthy human development in his theory of psychosocial development. He proposed that people go through different stages of development and at each stage, they face a crisis that must be resolved in order to progress to the next stage. The fifth stage, which occurs during adolescence, is called identity vs. role confusion, where an individual seeks to establish a sense of self and personal identity. Erikson saw the search for identity as a normal and important part of development.

Question 13

Which of the following items is NOT one of the major issues to be resolved in forming an identity?

Accepted Answer

While physical health is certainly an important aspect of overall well-being, it is not typically considered one of the major issues to be resolved in forming an identity. The other options listed - occupation, values, and sexual identity - all relate to fundamental aspects of who a person is and how they relate to the world around them.

Question 14

Shelly has always been told that she is good with children.Both of her parents are teachers,and Shelly has never questioned their expectation that she will also become a teacher.What is Shelly's identity status?

Accepted Answer

Shelly's identity status is foreclosure. This is because she has unquestioningly accepted her parents' expectations for her to become a teacher, without exploring other possible identities or options.

Question 15

Which of the following most closely matches Erikson's concept of fidelity?

Accepted Answer

Fidelity, in Erikson's theory, refers to the ability to commit oneself to others on the basis of accepting others, even when there may be ideological differences. Loyalty is the closest concept to this, as it involves a sense of allegiance or commitment to someone or something, which aligns with Erikson's idea of fidelity.

Question 16

James Marcia's research on identity in adolescence is based on the theory of

Accepted Answer

James Marcia's theory of identity in adolescence is based on Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which includes a stage of identity vs. role confusion during adolescence. Marcia expanded on Erikson's theory by proposing four identity statuses: identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement.

Question 17

In Erikson's theory,which virtue arises from the crisis of identity versus identity confusion?

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's theory, the crisis of identity versus identity confusion occurs during adolescence. During this stage, individuals are exploring their personal identity and trying to form a sense of self. If individuals successfully navigate this crisis, they will come out with a strong sense of fidelity, which is the ability to commit to and maintain meaningful relationships and ideals. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Fidelity.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of Marcia's four identity statuses?

Accepted Answer

Fidelity is not one of Marcia's four identity statuses. The four identity statuses are achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, and diffusion.

Question 19

The psychological moratorium is what Erikson referred to as a

Accepted Answer

The psychological moratorium is a period of exploration and experimentation that occurs during adolescence where individuals take a break from immediate life concerns in order to try out different roles, values, and beliefs. It is during this time that adolescents search for commitments and meaning in their lives. Erikson believed that this period of exploration was essential for the development of a healthy sense of identity.

Question 20

Thirteen-year-old Latrell is pondering his own talents,interests,and needs,as well as his place in society.According to Erikson,this struggle represents the psychosocial crisis of

Accepted Answer

The struggle of pondering one's talents, interests, and place in society is a central aspect of the psychosocial crisis of identity versus identity confusion, according to Erikson. This crisis is particularly relevant during adolescence, as individuals strive to form a cohesive sense of self and establish their place in the world. Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the crisis experienced during early childhood, while industry versus inferiority is the crisis experienced during middle childhood. Intimacy versus isolation is the crisis experienced during young adulthood.

Quiz 17: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence