The research method that is based on an infant's tendency to look longer at surprising phenomena rather than at familiar phenomena is known as

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This research method is commonly known as the violation of expectations. It measures an infant's ability to detect surprising or unexpected events, which suggests their level of understanding of the physical world. The method involves presenting infants with two scenarios - one that follows the laws of physics and another that violates them. Infants tend to look longer at the latter scenario, indicating their recognition that something unexpected has occurred. This method has been used to study various aspects of infants' cognition, including object permanence, numerical reasoning, and social understanding.

The Research Method That Is Based on an Infant's Tendency