Irving Janis Was Fascinated by How a Group of Intelligent

Irving Janis was fascinated by how a group of intelligent men such as President John F. Kennedy and his advisors could make such a disastrous decision when they authorized the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion. To find out, Janis began his study of decision-making in groups that eventually led to the phenomenon of "groupthink." Janis's hypothesis-generating heuristic could best be described as

A) an attempt to resolve conflicting results.
B) an effort to understand a paradoxical incident.
C) an effort to improve on older ideas.
D) the use of metaphors.