Question 1

Compare the case study with the single case design.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each design?

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Question 2

Meta-analyses summarize the findings of different studies through the use of

Accepted Answer

Meta-analyses use effect sizes to summarize the findings of different studies. This allows for comparisons across studies that may use different measures or methods, and provides a standardized metric for synthesizing the results.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as a weakness of the ABAB design?

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The answer of Which of the following was NOT mentioned...

Question 4

Meta-analysis is

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Meta-analysis is a statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies in order to arrive at an overall quantitative conclusion. It involves analyzing and synthesizing the results from numerous studies to identify patterns, trends, or associations that may be too small, inconsistent, or conflicting to detect in any single study.

Question 5

Explain the importance of theory in research on psychopathology.How does theory guide the research process? Discuss,in particular,how theory informs the decisions in formulating hypotheses,designing independent variables,and selecting dependent variables.

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Question 6

In a single-subject ABAB design,ABAB refers to

Accepted Answer

In a single-subject ABAB design, the A and B phases refer to introducing and removing the treatment, respectively. This is done repeatedly to observe the effects of the treatment on the behavior being studied. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 7

The single subject ABAB design cannot be used to study behaviors that

Accepted Answer

The ABAB design, also known as the reversal design, involves an initial baseline phase (A), an intervention phase (B), a return to baseline phase (A), and a second intervention phase (B). It cannot be effectively used for behaviors that do not return to baseline after the intervention is removed, as the design relies on observing changes when the intervention is introduced and then withdrawn.

Question 8

Which of the following is a critique of findings from meta-analyses?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analyses often summarize findings from studies of varying quality, which can lead to biased or inaccurate conclusions.

Question 9

In the single-subject ABAB design,the letters A and B refer to different

Accepted Answer

In the single-subject ABAB design, A and B refer to different sequences of treatment conditions. A represents the baseline (no treatment) phase, and B represents the intervention (treatment) phase. The ABAB design involves alternating between these two phases, with each phase lasting a certain amount of time. This design is used to examine the effects of an intervention by comparing behavior during the intervention phase to behavior during the baseline phase, and then removing the intervention to see if behavior returns to baseline. Thus, the correct answer is C, sequences.

Question 10

Dr.Smart conducted a study that examined the physiological reactions of rats reared in isolation to the introduction of a stranger rat in their cage.She wanted to examine the effects of growing up in isolation on social behavior in order to understand more about social phobia in humans.This study is an example of

Accepted Answer

An analogue experiment involves studying phenomena in non-human subjects to gain insights into human behavior. Dr. Smart's study uses rats to understand social phobia in humans, making it an analogue experiment.

Question 11

What type of research design synthesizes information across studies to arrive at general conclusions?

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis synthesizes information across studies to arrive at general conclusions. Longitudinal design follows the same group of participants over an extended period of time. Cross-sectional design collects data at a single point in time from a group of participants of different ages or levels of development. Reversal design involves the repeated presentation and removal of a treatment to assess its effects.

Question 12

What is the value of double-blind procedures? What are the limits to this procedure in psychopathology research that does not involve medication?

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Question 13

Which designs would result in a study with high internal validity? Which ones would result in a study with high external validity? How does a scientist decide which type of validity is more important for a particular study?

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Question 14

Which of the following steps would improve the external validity of an analogue experiment of sub-clinical depression in college students?

Accepted Answer

In order to improve the external validity of an analogue experiment of sub-clinical depression in college students, using clinically depressed patients would be the best choice. This is because it would allow for greater generalizability of the findings to the population of interest (those who suffer from clinical depression), rather than just college students with sub-clinical symptoms. The other options (A, B, and D) may improve other aspects of the study, but do not address external validity specifically.

Question 15

Design an analogue experiment that could be conducted in order to learn more about an aspect of the human experience that could not be directly tested.Explain why an analogue experiment is necessary.Be sure to identify your independent and dependent variables and state your experimental hypothesis.

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Question 16

What are the advantages and disadvantages of meta-analysis?

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Question 17

Design a study that will examine how memories change after a traumatic event.Be sure to identify who the participants in your study should be and whether you can conduct an experimental or correlational project.

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Question 18

Mary,who has trichotillomania (chronic hair pulling),is enrolled in a single-subject study using an ABAB design to see if she pulls more hair while watching TV.Mary watched TV during dinner for four weeks and pulled at least ten hairs a day for the four weeks.Then she left the TV off for four weeks and pulled only one hair per day for the four weeks.In the next step of this design,the experimenter should have Mary

Accepted Answer

The ABAB design involves alternating between a baseline (A) and treatment (B) phase multiple times to observe whether the treatment has a significant effect. In this case, the baseline phase (A) was when Mary watched TV during dinner and pulled at least ten hairs a day. The treatment phase (B) was when the TV was turned off and Mary only pulled one hair per day. The next step should be to turn the TV back on for four weeks to see if Mary's hair-pulling behavior increases again, which would indicate that watching TV is a trigger for her trichotillomania. The other options are not relevant to the study and would not provide useful information about the effects of TV on Mary's hair pulling behavior.

Question 19

Dr.Brown developed a psychological test to measure anxiety.She then conducted several additional studies in which she showed that scores on her test are higher for college students during finals week,people diagnosed with anxiety disorders,and people high in psychophysiological measures of anxiety.Dr.Brown's additional studies help demonstrate the ________ of her test.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the ability of a research study's findings to be generalizable to other populations, settings, and situations. Dr. Brown's additional studies showing higher scores on her anxiety test for different groups (college students during finals week, people diagnosed with anxiety disorders, and people high in psychophysiological measures of anxiety) demonstrate that her test has external validity and can be used to measure anxiety in different contexts and populations.

Quiz 4: Research Methods in the Study of Psychopathology