Question 1

Who was the first explorer to sight the Pacific Ocean?
A) Bartolomeu Dias
B) Henry the Navigator
C) Vasco Núñez de Balboa
D) Samuel de Champlain

Accepted Answer

Vasco Núñez de Balboa was the first explorer to sight the Pacific Ocean from a European perspective. He crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the ocean in 1513. Bartolomeu Dias and Henry the Navigator explored the southern tip of Africa. Samuel de Champlain explored Canada and the northeastern United States.

Question 2

-Who led the voyages shown in the map?
A) Vasco da Gama
B) Walter Raleigh
C) Leif Erikson
D) Christopher Columbus

Accepted Answer

Christopher Columbus led the voyages shown in the map, which are typically associated with his exploration of the Americas in 1492 and subsequent voyages.

Question 3

According to the video in the introduction,European expansion in the fifteenth century was motivated by a desire to find a route to the __________.
A) Caribbean
B) South Pacific
C) Americas
D) Indies

Accepted Answer

The video states that Europeans were searching for a direct route to the Indies (also known as the East Indies or the Spice Islands).

Question 4

Columbus proposed that the shortest route to Asia was to sail __________.
A) northward
B) southward
C) westward
D) eastward

Accepted Answer

Columbus proposed to sail westward to reach Asia, which would involve circumnavigating the globe.

Question 5

According to the introductory video in section 2.1,who captured Constantinople in 1453?
A) Ottoman Turks
B) Roman senators
C) Spanish conquistadors
D) Inca priests

Accepted Answer

The introductory video in section 2.1 mentions that Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

Question 6

Which of the following reflects Spain's goals in the Americas?
A) science and technology
B) tolerance and equality
C) justice and peace
D) God and gold

Accepted Answer

Spain's primary goal in the Americas was to acquire wealth and resources, particularly gold and silver. They were motivated by a desire to increase their own power and prestige, and saw the Americas as a source of valuable commodities that could be sold in Europe. While Spain did have religious motivations for their colonization efforts, the desire for economic gain was the primary driving force.

Question 7

Which country took the lead in launching exploratory voyages in the Atlantic in the fifteenth century?
A) Spain
B) Britain
C) Portugal
D) France

Accepted Answer

Portugal took the lead in launching exploratory voyages in the Atlantic in the fifteenth century, with the most notable explorers being Prince Henry the Navigator and Vasco da Gama.

Question 8

Which of the following countries remained Catholic during the Protestant Reformation?
A) Scotland
B) Spain
C) Scandinavia
D) England

Accepted Answer

Spain remained Catholic during the Protestant Reformation, mainly due to the strict adherence to Catholicism by the monarchy and the Spanish Inquisition. Scotland, Scandinavia, and England all became Protestant during the Reformation.

Question 9

Which of the following contributed to Hernan Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs?
A) Cortés had more ships.
B) Cortés had indigenous allies.
C) The Aztecs were fighting with the Incas.
D) The Aztec ruler was a child.

Accepted Answer

Cortés's success in conquering the Aztecs was largely due to his ability to form alliances with indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs, such as the Tlaxcaltecas. Without these allies, Cortés and his small army would not have been able to overcome the large and powerful Aztec empire. The other options (A, C, and D) are not accurate. Cortés did not have more ships than the Aztecs; in fact, he sunk most of his own ships to prevent mutiny and force his men to follow him inland. There is no evidence that the Aztecs were fighting with the Incas during the time of Cortés's conquest. Finally, while the Aztec ruler, Moctezuma II, was initially captured by Cortés, he was not a child, but rather an adult monarch.

Question 10

-What is the name of the ship shown in the image?
A) caravel
B) codex
C) cargo
D) ingot

Accepted Answer

A caravel is a type of small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. The ship in the image is identified as a caravel based on its distinctive features, such as its size, design, and the historical context in which it was used.

Question 11

According to the introductory video in section 2.1,the fall of Constantinople set off a chain of events that contributed to the __________.
A) Dark Ages
B) Renaissance
C) Age of Faith
D) Crusades

Accepted Answer

The fall of Constantinople in 1453 led to a massive migration of scholars and intellectuals to Italy, where they brought with them ancient knowledge and sparked the Renaissance. This is discussed in the introductory video of section 2.1.

Question 12

The conquests of Francisco Pizarro added the lands of which modern-day country to New Spain?
A) Peru
B) Mexico
C) United States
D) Cuba

Accepted Answer

Francisco Pizarro's conquests added the lands of modern-day Peru to the Spanish Empire, as he led the conquest of the Inca Empire in the 16th century. The other options, B) Mexico, C) United States, and D) Cuba, were not directly conquered by Pizarro, although they were later colonized by the Spanish Empire.

Question 13

What did Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro both do?
A) establish centers to preserve indigenous traditions
B) fund public projects to promote Christopher Columbus
C) redistribute their wealth to the indigenous poor
D) hold hostage the ruler of the empire they conquered

Accepted Answer

Both Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro held hostage the ruler of the empire they conquered. Cortés held Montezuma II captive in Tenochtitlan and Pizarro held Atahualpa captive in Cajamarca.

Question 14

Which country sponsored Columbus's voyages?
A) Portugal
B) Britain
C) France
D) Spain

Accepted Answer

Spain sponsored Columbus's voyages.

Question 15

After the fall of Constantinople,most scholars and artists left and migrated in which direction?
A) south
B) north
C) west
D) east

Accepted Answer

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, many scholars and artists (including Greek Orthodox Christians) migrated westward, mostly to Italy. This led to the revival of classical learning and art, which is known as the Renaissance. Therefore, the best choice is (C) west.

Question 16

What did Columbus name the island that he landed on in 1492?
A) San Salvador
B) Bahamas
C) Cuba
D) New Spain

Accepted Answer

Columbus named the island he landed on in 1492 as San Salvador.

Question 17

Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro were both __________.
A) Moors
B) Huguenots
C) conquistadors
D) slaves

Accepted Answer

Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro were both Spanish conquistadors who led expeditions to conquer and colonize indigenous populations in the Americas in the 16th century.

Question 18

According to the introductory video in section 2.2,what evidence suggests that learned Europeans knew that the earth was round?
A) Marco Polo had gone around the entire world during his travels.
B) Ancient Greek scholars had measured the earth's circumference.
C) The Crusaders discovered evidence that the earth was a sphere.
D) Alexander the Great's empire encompassed the entire world.

Accepted Answer

The video states that ancient Greek scholars, such as Eratosthenes, had measured the earth's circumference, indicating that they knew the earth was round.

Question 19

According to the introductory video in 2.4,in the late sixteenth century,the English monarchy required all ships to be close at hand to deal with the threat from which country?
A) France
B) Russia
C) Austria
D) Spain

Accepted Answer

In the late sixteenth century, the English monarchy required all ships to be close at hand to deal with the threat from Spain. This was due to tensions between England and Spain, which eventually led to the Anglo-Spanish War in 1585.

Question 20

According to the introductory video in section 2.3,where did Hernán Cortés go to find gold?
A) Mexico
B) Peru
C) Roanoke
D) Canada

Accepted Answer

The introductory video in section 2.3 mentions that Hernán Cortés went to Mexico to find gold.

Quiz 2: Exploration and Conquest

Who was the first explorer to sight the Pacific Ocean?

-Who led the voyages shown in the map?

According to the video in the introduction,European expansion in the fifteenth century was motivated by a desire to find a route to the __________.

Columbus proposed that the shortest route to Asia was to sail __________.

According to the introductory video in section 2.1,who captured Constantinople in 1453?

Which of the following reflects Spain's goals in the Americas?

Which country took the lead in launching exploratory voyages in the Atlantic in the fifteenth century?

Which of the following countries remained Catholic during the Protestant Reformation?

Which of the following contributed to Hernan Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs?

-What is the name of the ship shown in the image?

According to the introductory video in section 2.1,the fall of Constantinople set off a chain of events that contributed to the __________.

The conquests of Francisco Pizarro added the lands of which modern-day country to New Spain?

What did Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro both do?

Which country sponsored Columbus's voyages?

After the fall of Constantinople,most scholars and artists left and migrated in which direction?

What did Columbus name the island that he landed on in 1492?

Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro were both __________.

According to the introductory video in section 2.2,what evidence suggests that learned Europeans knew that the earth was round?

According to the introductory video in 2.4,in the late sixteenth century,the English monarchy required all ships to be close at hand to deal with the threat from which country?

According to the introductory video in section 2.3,where did Hernán Cortés go to find gold?