In the late nineteenth century,many native-born,prosperous American Jews embraced

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In the late nineteenth century, many native-born, prosperous American Jews embraced Reform Judaism, which sought to adapt traditional Jewish practices and beliefs to modern American society. Reform Judaism emphasized individual autonomy, rationalism, and cultural assimilation. Nativism, the belief in protecting the interests of established American citizens from perceived threats posed by immigrants, was a largely non-Jewish movement that gained momentum during this time period. While some American Jews may have sympathized with the nativist cause, it is unlikely that they embraced it fully. Orthodox Judaism remained the dominant form of Judaism among Eastern European Jewish immigrants, while atheism was a relatively uncommon belief system among American Jews in this era.

In the Late Nineteenth Century,many Native-Born,prosperous American Jews Embraced