Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE?
A)A loaded question is a question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms.
B)A leading question is a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner.
C)A closed-ended question is a question for which participants formulate their own responses.
D)A double-barreled question is a question on which more than one thing is asked.

Accepted Answer

A closed-ended question is a question that provides a limited set of predetermined response options for participants to choose from. Participants do not formulate their own responses, as stated in option C. Therefore, option C is false. Options A, B, and D are true.

Question 2

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.In order to make sure that students from each major are adequately represented he should use the _____ sampling technique.
A)random
B)cluster
C)stratified random
D)convenience

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling would ensure representation from each major by dividing the population (students) into strata (majors) and then randomly selecting samples from each stratum. This would ensure a more representative sample compared to random or convenience sampling. Cluster sampling involves selecting a random group of individuals who are close together, which may not necessarily ensure representation from each major.

Question 3

In order to generate a sample of students from her institution,Julie selected every 10^th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students enrolled at her school.Julie is using the _____ sampling technique. A)random B)cluster C)stratified random D)convenience

Accepted Answer

Julie is using the random sampling technique because she is selecting every 10th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students enrolled at her school. This means that each student has an equal chance of being selected, regardless of their name or any other characteristic.

Question 4

The tendency to consistently give the same answer to almost all of the items on a survey is known as
A)response bias.
B)sampling bias.
C)experimenter effects.
D)interviewer bias.

Accepted Answer

Response bias occurs when respondents have a consistent pattern of answering questions on a survey, regardless of the content or context of the questions. This can occur due to factors such as social desirability bias, where respondents may answer questions in a way that they think is socially acceptable, or acquiescence bias, where respondents may consistently agree with statements without fully considering their actual beliefs.

Question 5

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.Rich decided to conduct his survey using students enrolled in introductory psychology classes.The type of sampling technique that Rich is using is
A)random sampling.
B)cluster sampling.
C)stratified random sampling.
D)representative sampling.

Accepted Answer

Rich is using cluster sampling because he is surveying a specific group (students in introductory psychology classes) rather than selecting individuals randomly from the entire student population.

Question 6

Consider the following survey question: "Do you consider a microwave to be fast and convenient?" This is an example of a _____ question.
A)leading
B)loaded
C)rating scale
D)double-barreled

Accepted Answer

The question asks about two different attributes ("fast" and "convenient") at the same time, making it a double-barreled question.

Question 7

A tendency for one group to be overrepresented in a study is known as
A)response bias.
B)sampling bias.
C)experimenter effects.
D)interviewer bias.

Accepted Answer

Sampling bias occurs when the sample of participants in a study is not representative of the population being studied, and one group may be overrepresented. The other choices (response bias, experimenter effects, and interviewer bias) refer to different types of biases that can affect the validity of a study, but they do not necessarily involve overrepresentation of a particular group in the sample.

Question 8

A multiple-choice question is to a(n)_____ question and a short answer question is to a(n)_____ question.
A)leading; loaded
B)loaded; leading
C)open-ended; closed-ended
D)closed-ended; open-ended

Accepted Answer

Multiple-choice questions offer a limited set of response options and are considered closed-ended questions, while short answer questions allow for more varied and open responses, making them open-ended questions.

Question 9

Mail surveys have the concern of _____ but have the advantage of _____.
A)low return rate; eliminating interviewer bias
B)interviewer bias; high return rate
C)sampling bias; interviewer bias
D)increasing socially desirable responses; high return rate

Accepted Answer

Mail surveys have the concern of low return rate, which means that not many people may respond to the survey. However, they have the advantage of eliminating interviewer bias, as there is no interviewer present to influence or skew the responses of the participants.

Question 10

Questions for which participants formulate their own responses are _____ questions.
A)leading
B)open-ended
C)closed-ended
D)loaded

Accepted Answer

Open-ended questions allow participants to formulate their own responses, providing more in-depth and nuanced insights.

Question 11

Questions for which participants choose from a limited number of alternatives are _____ questions.
A)leading
B)open-ended
C)closed-ended
D)loaded

Accepted Answer

Closed-ended questions are those that provide respondents with a set of predefined answers to choose from.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?
A)case study
B)action research
C)archival research
D)survey research

Accepted Answer

Survey research is a type of quantitative research, not qualitative research. The other options listed (case study, action research, archival research) are all types of qualitative research.

Question 13

Mail surveys are to _____ as personal interviews are to _____.
A)good response rate; interviewer bias
B)interviewer bias; good response rate
C)poor response rate; interviewer bias
D)sampling bias; poor response rate

Accepted Answer

Mail surveys typically have a poor response rate, while personal interviews can be subject to interviewer bias.

Question 14

Questions that ask for basic information such as age,gender,ethnicity,or income are called _____ questions and should be placed at the _____ of a survey.
A)demographic; end
B)demographic; beginning
C)double-barreled; end
D)double-barreled; beginning

Accepted Answer

Demographic questions are typically placed at the end of a survey to avoid influencing responses to other questions.

Question 15

A numerical scale on which survey respondents indicate the direction and strength of their response is a
A)Likert scale.
B)rating scale.
C)nominal scale.
D)a Likert scale and a rating scale.

Accepted Answer

A Likert scale is a type of rating scale used to represent people's attitudes or feelings towards a given subject, where respondents specify their level of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale for each statement.

Question 16

A question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms is to a _____ question as a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner is to a _____ question.
A)loaded; leading
B)leading; loaded
C)double-barreled; leading
D)leading; double-barreled

Accepted Answer

A question that includes non-neutral or emotionally-laden terms is considered a loaded question because it is biased and can influence the respondent's answer. A question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner is considered a leading question because it suggests a particular answer or direction for the respondent to follow.

Question 17

In order to generate a _____ sample,Pam selected every 10^th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students at her university.All of the students at the university represent the _____ and Pam used the _____ sampling technique. A)random; sample; random B)representative; population; random C)representative; sample; cluster D)representative; population; cluster

Accepted Answer

Pam selected a sample that is representative of the population (all students at the university), and used a random sampling technique by selecting every 10th name from the alphabetical list.

Question 18

_____ sampling is a sampling technique in which each member of the population has a known likelihood of being selected to be part of the sample.
A)Quota
B)Representative
C)Probability
D)Nonprobability

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling is a technique in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This ensures that the sample is representative of the population and reduces the risk of bias. Quota sampling involves selecting a certain number of participants from different subgroups, which may not accurately represent the overall population. Representative sampling may or may not involve probability sampling, but it is a broader concept that aims to ensure that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population. Nonprobability sampling involves selecting participants based on factors other than probability, such as convenience or judgment, and carries a higher risk of bias.

Question 19

Telephone surveys have the concern of _____ but have the advantage of _____.
A)socially desirable responses; possible question clarification
B)lack of question clarification; possible question clarification
C)lack of question clarification; increased response rate over mail surveys
D)interviewer bias; socially desirable responses

Accepted Answer

Telephone surveys have the concern of socially desirable responses, but they have the advantage of possible question clarification. With telephone surveys, interviewers can clarify any confusing questions or provide examples to ensure respondents fully understand what is being asked. However, respondents may be more likely to give socially desirable responses over the phone, such as answering questions in ways that they believe the interviewer wants to hear.

Question 20

Marnie keeps answering the questions on the survey she is taking as she thinks most others in society would answer them,rather than with her true responses.Marnie's answers illustrate
A)interviewer bias.
B)sampling bias.
C)experimenter effects.
D)socially desirable responses.

Accepted Answer

Marnie's behavior is described as providing socially desirable responses, meaning that she is answering in a way that she believes will reflect positively on her or make her seem more acceptable to others. This reflects a bias in the survey results as they do not truly represent Marnie's beliefs or attitudes.

Quiz 4: Descriptive Methods

Which of the following is FALSE?

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.In order to make sure that students from each major are adequately represented he should use the _____ sampling technique.

In order to generate a sample of students from her institution,Julie selected every 10^th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students enrolled at her school.Julie is using the _____ sampling technique.

The tendency to consistently give the same answer to almost all of the items on a survey is known as

Rich is conducting a survey of student opinion of the dining hall at his university.Rich decided to conduct his survey using students enrolled in introductory psychology classes.The type of sampling technique that Rich is using is

Consider the following survey question: "Do you consider a microwave to be fast and convenient?" This is an example of a _____ question.

A tendency for one group to be overrepresented in a study is known as

A multiple-choice question is to a(n) _ question and a short answer question is to a(n) _ question.

Mail surveys have the concern of _ but have the advantage of _.

Questions for which participants formulate their own responses are _____ questions.

Questions for which participants choose from a limited number of alternatives are _____ questions.

Which of the following is not a type of qualitative research?

Mail surveys are to _ as personal interviews are to _.

Questions that ask for basic information such as age,gender,ethnicity,or income are called _ questions and should be placed at the _ of a survey.

A numerical scale on which survey respondents indicate the direction and strength of their response is a

A question including non-neutral or emotionally laden terms is to a _ question as a question that sways the respondent to answer in a desired manner is to a _ question.

In order to generate a ___ sample,Pam selected every 10^th name off of the registrar's alphabetical list of all students at her university.All of the students at the university represent the _ and Pam used the ___ sampling technique.

_____ sampling is a sampling technique in which each member of the population has a known likelihood of being selected to be part of the sample.

Telephone surveys have the concern of _ but have the advantage of _.

Marnie keeps answering the questions on the survey she is taking as she thinks most others in society would answer them,rather than with her true responses.Marnie's answers illustrate