In the landmark Griggs v. Duke Power Company case, a high school diploma and good scores on a general intelligence test were

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In the Griggs v. Duke Power Company case, the Supreme Court found that a high school diploma and good scores on a general intelligence test were not shown to have a clearly demonstrable relationship to successful performance on the job under consideration (which involved manual labor tasks), and thus using them as a selection criterion had a disparate impact on African American workers, who were less likely to have had access to education and job training opportunities due to historical discrimination. This ruling affirmed the importance of considering job-relatedness and potential discrimination in the design and use of employment tests and criteria.

In the Landmark Griggs V