How was President James Polk able to add Oregon to U.S. holdings?

Question

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President James Polk renewed an old offer to divide Oregon along the forty-ninth parallel. This offer had been made by the United States and Great Britain in 1818 and was rejected by both sides. However, in 1846, Polk was able to successfully negotiate the Oregon Treaty with Britain, which divided the territory along the forty-ninth parallel and added it to U.S. holdings. This avoided the need for military action or unilateral annexation.

How Was President James Polk Able to Add Oregon to U.S