Question 1

Subjects given a verbal explanation for a type of picture called a droodle:

Accepted Answer

DSubjects who received a verbal explanation for a droodle were better able to recall the pictures than those who did not, indicating that the verbal explanation aided memory. Additionally, they could recall the pictures better, but with a longer latency, suggesting that while the verbal explanation helped, it might have introduced a slight delay in retrieval due to the process of converting verbal cues back into visual memory.

Question 2

In Wanner's study of warned subjects versus unwarned subjects,the:

Accepted Answer

Wanner's study found that subjects had similar recall for meaning regardless of whether they were warned or not, indicating that the warning did not significantly affect memory for meaning.

Question 3

Dr.Brooks is interested in studying memory for pictures.He shows participants a picture of a woman in a flowered apron putting a roast into the oven.Then,after a delay,he shows them two new pictures and asks them to identify which one they have seen.Which picture are participants more likely to mistake for the original picture?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Converting the syllable DAX to Dad is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Attaching meaning to information involves modifying or interpreting information in a way that makes sense to us, such as changing the syllable "DAX" to a more familiar and meaningful word like "Dad."

Question 5

In comparing memory for pictures with memory for sentences,we can say that subjects remember the:

Accepted Answer

People tend to remember the overall meaning or gist of both pictures and sentences rather than the specific details.

Question 6

The major portion of memory for verbal communication probably works by:

Accepted Answer

Memory for verbal communication tends to focus on storing the gist or significant themes of the communication rather than exact verbatim details or highly detailed representations.

Question 7

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing visual information.

Accepted Answer

The right prefrontal region has been shown to be involved in processing visual information.

Question 8

Which statement is NOT evidence for propositional representations in memory?

Accepted Answer

This statement is about interference and does not directly relate to propositional representations in memory. The other statements all provide evidence for propositional representations. B shows that subjects are able to combine and comprehend different propositions. C shows that subjects rely on the relationship between propositions (i.e. slow children eat cold bread) rather than just isolated words. D shows that subjects can remember the meaning of a sentence, which implies propositional representations.

Question 9

Methods to assist or improve memory are called:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe methods to assist or improve memory is mnemonic techniques. This includes memory aids, imagery, and other strategies to aid in memory retention.

Question 10

Suppose that after either a short or long delay,you were shown two sentences that differed in form but had the same meaning as a sentence you had seen earlier.In all likelihood,you would:

Accepted Answer

The question suggests that the two sentences have the same meaning but differ in form, which may create confusion in recalling the correct form of the original sentence. The statement "not recall the correct form after a long delay" is the most logical choice, as the longer the delay, the more likely the details of the sentence will be forgotten, and the form of the sentence is a specific detail that is more likely to be forgotten than the meaning.

Question 11

In Mandler and Ritchey's study using pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes),the token distracter can be regarded as a difference in _____,while the type distracter can be regarded as a difference in _____.

Accepted Answer

The token distracter refers to a difference in style, while the type distracter refers to a difference in meaning. This is because a token distracter is a variation in the visual elements, such as the objects or colors presented in the scene, while the type distracter involves a shift in the semantic content or context of the scene. For example, a token distracter may be a change in the color of the walls in a classroom scene, while a type distracter may involve changing the scene to a laboratory or playground setting, which alters the meaning and context of the scene.

Question 12

Mandler and Ritchey used pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes)to study picture memory.They found that subjects rejected changes in:

Accepted Answer

Mandler and Ritchey's research found that subjects were more likely to reject changes in type distracters than in token distracters, indicating that the meaning conveyed by the scenes was more significant to memory than mere details.

Question 13

Imagine that you serve as a consultant to a firm marketing a new daily-use product.The manager argues that a picture is worth a thousand words,so the instructions should be in picture form.Your advice to the manager would be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you serve as a consultant...

Question 14

Suppose you went to a university workshop on how to apply for financial aid and were given a short set of explicit instructions at the end.After handing out aid forms,the instructor then asked you to report how much of the verbatim instructions you recall.Which statement indicates what you probably would recall from the instructions?

Accepted Answer

It is unlikely that someone would recall the instructions verbatim, as information retention varies from person to person. Furthermore, the use of technical terms and complicated sentence structures in financial aid forms may hinder verbatim recall. It is more likely that someone would recall the gist, or overall meaning, of the instructions.

Question 15

Evidence from studies of picture memory suggests that people:

Accepted Answer

Studies of picture memory indicate that people initially encode many perceptual details, but this information tends to be forgotten quickly over time.

Question 16

Wanner warned some subjects,but not others,that they would have to recall a set of instructions.The results of the study showed that:

Accepted Answer

The study showed that memory is better for changes in wording that affect meaning rather than changes that affect style, indicating that people focus more on the meaning of information rather than its exact wording.

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true of propositions?

Accepted Answer

Propositions do not necessarily preserve all the details of linguistic information, but rather capture the main semantic content of a sentence or phrase.

Question 18

Your friend has just participated in a memory experiment and tells you about it.In this experiment,your friend had to look at a number of sentences and a number of pictures.After studying the sentences and pictures,your friend was shown pairs of two pictures or two sentences and then asked to point to which picture or sentence she remembered seeing before.Which test is your friend likely to do better on?

Accepted Answer

Research in cognitive psychology suggests that people often have better memory for visual information compared to verbal information. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as the "picture superiority effect," where images are more easily and accurately recalled than words.

Question 19

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing verbal information.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the left prefrontal region, particularly the left inferior frontal gyrus, is specialized for processing verbal information, including language comprehension and production.

Question 20

When Shepard compared subjects' memory for sentences versus memory for pictures,he found that the subjects:

Accepted Answer

Shepard found that subjects had a higher rate of errors in the sentence condition than in the picture condition, indicating that pictures were remembered better than sentences.

Quiz 5: Representation of Knowledge

Subjects given a verbal explanation for a type of picture called a droodle:

In Wanner's study of warned subjects versus unwarned subjects,the:

Converting the syllable DAX to Dad is an example of:

In comparing memory for pictures with memory for sentences,we can say that subjects remember the:

The major portion of memory for verbal communication probably works by:

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing visual information.

Which statement is NOT evidence for propositional representations in memory?

Methods to assist or improve memory are called:

Suppose that after either a short or long delay,you were shown two sentences that differed in form but had the same meaning as a sentence you had seen earlier.In all likelihood,you would:

In Mandler and Ritchey's study using pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) ,the token distracter can be regarded as a difference in _,while the type distracter can be regarded as a difference in _.

Mandler and Ritchey used pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) to study picture memory.They found that subjects rejected changes in:

Imagine that you serve as a consultant to a firm marketing a new daily-use product.The manager argues that a picture is worth a thousand words,so the instructions should be in picture form.Your advice to the manager would be:

Evidence from studies of picture memory suggests that people:

Wanner warned some subjects,but not others,that they would have to recall a set of instructions.The results of the study showed that:

Which statement is NOT true of propositions?

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing verbal information.

When Shepard compared subjects' memory for sentences versus memory for pictures,he found that the subjects:

Quiz 5: Representation of Knowledge

Subjects given a verbal explanation for a type of picture called a droodle:

In Wanner's study of warned subjects versus unwarned subjects,the:

Converting the syllable DAX to Dad is an example of:

In comparing memory for pictures with memory for sentences,we can say that subjects remember the:

The major portion of memory for verbal communication probably works by:

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing visual information.

Which statement is NOT evidence for propositional representations in memory?

Methods to assist or improve memory are called:

Suppose that after either a short or long delay,you were shown two sentences that differed in form but had the same meaning as a sentence you had seen earlier.In all likelihood,you would:

In Mandler and Ritchey's study using pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) ,the token distracter can be regarded as a difference in _____,while the type distracter can be regarded as a difference in _____.

Mandler and Ritchey used pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) to study picture memory.They found that subjects rejected changes in:

Imagine that you serve as a consultant to a firm marketing a new daily-use product.The manager argues that a picture is worth a thousand words,so the instructions should be in picture form.Your advice to the manager would be:

Evidence from studies of picture memory suggests that people:

Wanner warned some subjects,but not others,that they would have to recall a set of instructions.The results of the study showed that:

Which statement is NOT true of propositions?

The _____ prefrontal region is involved in processing verbal information.

When Shepard compared subjects' memory for sentences versus memory for pictures,he found that the subjects:

In Mandler and Ritchey's study using pictures of scenes (such as classroom scenes) ,the token distracter can be regarded as a difference in _,while the type distracter can be regarded as a difference in _.