Question 1

___________ are beliefs,preferences,and predispositions with an affective component toward an object or person.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes refer to our beliefs, preferences, and predispositions towards an object or person. This includes a cognitive component (beliefs and thoughts), a behavioral component (intentions and actions), and an affective component (feelings and emotions).

Question 2

The ___________ is one of the main areas of the brain involved with emotional processing.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure located deep within the temporal lobes of the brain. It is one of the main areas involved in the processing of emotions, particularly fear-related responses. Other functions attributed to the amygdala include the detection and processing of social cues, the regulation of autonomic responses, and the modulation of attention and memory processes.

Question 3

You are on a date with a girl.During the date she smiles at you.You infer that she is happy and having a good time.This inference is based on you assessment of her ____________.

Accepted Answer

Smiling is a direct expression of emotion, indicating happiness or pleasure. Emotions are immediate responses to stimuli, in this case, presumably the date, which can be inferred from her smile.

Question 4

When you are angry,your ____________ nervous system becomes active,causing your heart rate to increase.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, which includes an increase in heart rate. When we are angry, this system becomes active. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for the body's rest and digest response and would not be active during anger. The peripheral and central nervous systems are not directly involved in regulating heart rate during emotional states.

Question 5

A researcher shows a picture of a gun to elicit an emotional response.What is the name of this technique for manipulating emotions?

Accepted Answer

The technique for manipulating emotions by showing a picture of a gun is known as evocative stimuli. It aims to elicit an emotional response by showing a specific image or object.

Question 6

A researcher shows a short video on industrial accidents and notes any change in mood of the participants.What method is the researcher using to manipulate mood?

Accepted Answer

The researcher is using mood induction by showing a video with the intention of eliciting a change in the participants' mood.

Question 7

___________ are generally diffuse affective states lasting for relatively long durations.

Accepted Answer

Moods are generally diffuse affective states lasting for relatively long durations, while attitudes refer to evaluations or feelings towards a person, object or situation; emotions are brief reactions to a specific event or stimulus; motivations refer to the driving forces or reasons behind behavior.

Question 8

Your roommate has seemed more negative than usual and is lying around the apartment quite a bit.You think she might be mildly depressed.This is an assessment of her __________.

Accepted Answer

Mood refers to a person's emotional state or overall emotional quality. In this scenario, the roommate's negativity and lying around the apartment suggests a change in her overall emotional state, which could indicate a depressed mood. Attitude, emotion, and motivation are related, but they are not specific to an overall emotional state or mood.

Question 9

A(n)___________ is a brief episode of synchronized responses.

Accepted Answer

An emotion is defined as a brief episode of synchronized responses which involves a specific pattern of changes in physiological arousal, behavioral expression, and subjective experience. This synchronized response is a key element of emotions and distinguishes them from other psychological states like attitudes, moods, or motivations.

Question 10

According to the circumplex model of emotion,a range of emotions can be characterized by the degree to which ____________ and ___________ are combined.

Accepted Answer

The circumplex model of emotion proposes two primary dimensions: arousal (ranging from low to high) and valence (ranging from negative to positive). Emotions can be characterized by the degree to which they combine these two dimensions. For example, joy is high in both arousal and positive valence, while sadness is low in arousal and negative valence.

Question 11

Both you and your roommate have a fear of public speaking.While taking your speech communication class,your hands would get moist before you had to give a speech.On the other hand,sweat was readily seen running down your roommate's forehead.The difference between the two of you is a matter of ___________.

Accepted Answer

The difference between the two roommates is related to their level of arousal, which is reflected in their physiological responses. While the first student shows signs of increased physiological activation (e.g., sweaty hands), the second student displays more extreme signs of physiological arousal (i.e., sweating profusely). Therefore, the best choice is D, arousal. Choices A, B, and C are less appropriate because they do not capture the physiological differences between the two students.

Question 12

_____________ simply involves asking research participants about their emotion.

Accepted Answer

Direct assessment involves directly asking research participants about their emotions, which is different from observation or secondary reporting. Emotional recording may refer to the use of technology to measure physiological responses associated with emotions, but it is not mentioned as an answer choice.

Question 13

A universal finding is one that is found across ______________.

Accepted Answer

A universal finding is one that is found across cultures, meaning it is a common feature or characteristic observed in diverse societies and groups. It may not necessarily be found in all individuals or situations, but it is consistently present across different cultures.

Question 14

Asking people how they feel is an example of ______________ while having people choose a response from several different options is an example of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Direct assessment involves directly asking individuals about their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors (e.g., asking how they feel), whereas indirect assessment involves having individuals respond to stimuli that may indirectly reveal their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors (e.g., choosing a response from several different options). Therefore, asking people how they feel is an example of direct assessment, and having people choose a response from several different options is an example of indirect assessment. None of the other options accurately capture this distinction.

Question 15

Whether an emotion is positive or negative characterizes its ___________.

Accepted Answer

The valence of an emotion refers to whether it is positive or negative in nature. A refers to the significance or interpretation of the emotion, C refers to how the emotion is displayed, and D refers to the strength or level of the emotion.

Question 16

Universal emotions are also referred to as __________ emotions.

Accepted Answer

Universal emotions are those that have been found to be expressed and recognized across different cultures and populations. These emotions are considered basic because they are thought to be innate and biologically rooted in all humans, regardless of cultural background.

Question 17

The approach-withdrawal model classifies emotions based on ____________.

Accepted Answer

The approach-withdrawal model classifies emotions based on motivation, specifically whether they motivate an individual to approach or withdraw from a situation.

Question 18

Tracking eye movements is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

Tracking eye movements is an example of indirect assessment because it provides information about cognitive processes and attention without directly requiring the individual to report their thoughts or feelings. It is commonly used in neuropsychological evaluations to assess various brain functions such as visual perception, attention, and working memory.

Question 19

____________ was the first to propose the universality of emotional facial expressions.

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin was the first to propose the universality of emotional facial expressions in his book "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" published in 1872. Paul Ekman is a psychologist who later conducted extensive research on emotional facial expressions and built upon Darwin's work. Malcolm Gladwell and James Russell are not known for their contributions to the study of emotional facial expressions.

Question 20

The ________________ graphically displays a variety of emotions based on arousal and valence.

Accepted Answer

The circumplex model is a circular graph that maps emotions based on their arousal level and valence (whether they are positive or negative). It is divided into quadrants, each representing a different category of emotions, such as high arousal positive emotions (excitement, enthusiasm) or low arousal negative emotions (boredom, sadness).

Quiz 8: Emotion and Cognition