Question 1

A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm².If the chisel is struck with a force of 45 N,what is the pressure exerted on the stone? A)9 000 Pa B)90 000 Pa C)450 000 Pa D)900 000 Pa

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.This indicates Bar One:
A)is longer than Bar Two.
B)has a greater cross-sectional area than Bar Two.
C)has a greater elastic limit than Bar Two.
D)is made of material that is different from Bar Two.

Accepted Answer

The Young's modulus of a material is a property that reflects its stiffness or resistance to being deformed under stress. A material with a higher Young's modulus requires more stress to achieve the same amount of deformation as a material with a lower Young's modulus. Therefore, the fact that Bar One has a higher Young's modulus than Bar Two suggests that Bar One is made of a different material than Bar Two, with a higher stiffness or stiffness-to-weight ratio. It does not provide information about the length, cross-sectional area, or elastic limit of the bars.

Question 3

When water freezes,it expands about nine percent.What would be the pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 ´ 10⁹ Pa,and 1 atm = 1.0 ´ 10⁵ Pa. ) A)18 atm B)270 atm C)1 080 atm D)1 800 atm

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time)is equivalent to: A)MLT^-1. B)ML^-1T^-2. C)M²L^-1T^-3. D)a dimensionless quantity.

Accepted Answer

The formula for stress in terms of fundamental quantities is stress = ML^-1T^-2. Breaking this down into fundamental units, we get MLS^-2T^-1. So, the answer is ML^-1T^-2.

Question 5

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter.What is the density of the material? A)21.5 g/cm³ B)19.3 g/cm³ C)13.6 g/cm³ D)10.7 g/cm³

Accepted Answer

The volume of the cylinder is calculated using the formula V = πr²h. With a radius of 19.5 mm and height of 39.0 mm, the volume is approximately 46.8 cm³. The mass is 1000 g (1 kg), so the density is 1000 g / 46.8 cm³ ≈ 21.5 g/cm³.

Question 6

A uniform pressure of 7.0 ´ 10⁵ N/m² is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper,B = 14 ´ 10¹⁰ N/m²) A)2.4 ´ 10^-2% B)0.4 ´ 10^-2% C)8.4 ´ 10^-2% D)0.5 ´ 10^-3%

Accepted Answer

The answer of A uniform pressure of 7.0 ´ 10⁵...

Question 7

The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time)is equivalent to: A)MLT^-1. B)ML^-1T^-2. C)M²L^-1T^-3. D)a dimensionless quantity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of...

Question 8

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:
A)elastic modulus.
B)temperature.
C)cross-sectional area.
D)stress.

Accepted Answer

In an elastic solid, the strain (deformation) is directly proportional to the applied stress. This relationship is described by Hooke's Law, which states that the amount a material deforms is directly proportional to the load applied to it, as long as the material remains within its elastic limit.

Question 9

A copper wire of length 2.0 m,cross sectional area 7.1 ´ 10^-6 m² and Young's modulus 11 ´ 10¹⁰ N/m² has a 200-kg load hung on it.What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s²) A)0.50 mm B)1.0 mm C)2.5 mm D)5.0 mm

Accepted Answer

The answer of A copper wire of length 2.0 m,cross...

Question 10

The maximum pressure that a certain type of drainpipe can safely withstand from the water inside is 10 atmospheres above the outside pressure.The pipe is to run from the roof to a storm drain connection in the basement of the building along a corner of an inside wall.Leakage is not an option.If this drainpipe is to be used with a tall building,what is the maximum height,of those given below,for this drainpipe if it may be subject to clogging at the bottom? Assume that the pipe is in an environment that surrounds it with 1.0 atmosphere pressure.where 1 atm =  Pa.
A) 
B) 
C) 
D)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The maximum pressure that a certain type...

Question 11

A tire stops a car by use of friction.What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and strain on the tire?
A)Young's modulus
B)compression modulus
C)shear modulus
D)bulk modulus

Accepted Answer

The tire stops the car by using friction between the tire and the road surface. This type of force involves shear stress and shear strain on the tire. Therefore, we should use the shear modulus to calculate the stress and strain on the tire. Young's modulus is used for tensile and compressive forces, compression modulus is used for compressive forces only, and bulk modulus is used for volume compressibility.

Question 12

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10⁵ Pa).What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m ´ 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm? A)140 N B)1 400 N C)14 000 N D)140 000 N

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pressure inside a commercial airliner is...

Question 13

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2.0-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 ´ 10¹¹ N/m²)by 1.0%? A)3.1 ´ 10³ N B)6.3 ´ 10³ N C)9.4 ´ 10³ N D)1.3 ´ 10⁴ N

Accepted Answer

The formula for calculating the force required to stretch a wire is:

F = (π/4) * Y * (d^2) * ε

where F is the force, Y is the Young's modulus of the wire, d is the diameter of the wire, and ε is the strain (or percentage of stretch).

Substituting the values given in the problem, we get:

F = (π/4) * (2.0 × 10^11 N/m^2) * (2.0 × 10^-3 m)^2 * 0.01

F = 6.28 × 10^7 N

Round off to two significant figures, the answer is B: 6.3 × 10^13 N.

Question 14

Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?
A)liquid
B)plasma
C)gas
D)solid

Accepted Answer

Plasma is the state of matter that is associated with the very highest of temperatures, such as those found in stars and in high-energy experiments.

Question 15

The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick.Estimate the pressure underneath the ice.(The density of ice is 918 kg/m³. ) A)9.0 ´ 10⁵Pa (9 atm) B)2.5 ´ 10⁶ Pa (25 atm) C)4.5 ´ 10⁶ Pa (45 atm) D)9.0 ´ 10⁶ Pa (90 atm)

Accepted Answer

We can use the formula for pressure, P = ρgh, where ρ is density, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height or depth. 
Given:
Density of ice, ρ = 918 kg/m³
Height of ice sheet, h = 1000 m
Gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m/s²

Substituting these values in the formula, we get:
P = (918 kg/m³) x (9.81 m/s²) x (1000 m) = 9.0 x 10¹⁶ Pa
Converting Pa to atm, we get:
P = 9.0 x 10¹⁶ / 101325 = 8.89 x 10¹ Pa ≈ 90 atm

Therefore, the best choice is D, which corresponds to a pressure of 9.0 x 10¹⁶ Pa (90 atm) underneath the Greenland ice sheet.

Question 16

The bulk modulus of a material,as a meaningful physical property,is applicable to which of the following?
A)only solids
B)only liquids
C)only gases
D)solids,liquids and gases

Accepted Answer

The bulk modulus is applicable to solids, liquids, and gases. It is a measure of the material's resistance to compression under pressure. While solids generally have a higher bulk modulus than liquids and gases, all materials exhibit some degree of compressibility and therefore have a bulk modulus.

Question 17

A solid object is made of two materials,one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal masses of the materials,what is its average density? A)3 000 kg/m³ B)4 000 kg/m³ C)5 300 kg/m³ D)more information is needed

Accepted Answer

Average density = (density of material 1 * mass of material 1 + density of material 2 * mass of material 2) / (mass of material 1 + mass of material 2)= (2000 kg/m³ * m + 6000 kg/m³ * m) / (2m)= 4000 kg/m³

Question 18

The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time)is equivalent to: A)MLT^-1. B)ML^-1T^-2. C)M²L^-1T^-3. D)a dimensionless quantity.

Accepted Answer

Strain is defined as the ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension, which does not have any units or dimensions, making it a dimensionless quantity.

Question 19

A solid object is made of two materials,one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal volumes of the materials,what is its average density? A)3 000 kg/m³ B)4 000 kg/m³ C)5 300 kg/m³ D)more information is needed

Accepted Answer

Since the object contains equal volumes of the two materials, we can find the average density by taking the average of the two densities:
average density = (2000 kg/m^3 + 6000 kg/m^3)/2 = 4000 kg/m^3. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 20

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 ´ 10⁶ m,and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10⁵ N/m². ) A)5 ´ 10¹⁶ kg B)1 ´ 10¹⁸ kg C)5 ´ 10¹⁸ kg D)1 ´ 10²⁰ kg

Accepted Answer

The total mass of the Earth's atmosphere can be calculated by multiplying the atmospheric pressure at the surface by the surface area of the Earth. The surface area of the Earth can be calculated using the formula 4πr², where r is the radius of the Earth.

Surface area of Earth = 4π(6.4 × 10^6)^2 = 5.1 × 10^14 m²

Mass of Earth's atmosphere = atmospheric pressure × surface area

Mass of Earth's atmosphere = (1 × 10^5 N/m²) × (5.1 × 10^14 m²)

Mass of Earth's atmosphere = 5.1 × 10^19 kg

Therefore, the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere is 5 × 10^18 kg, which is closest to answer choice C.

Quiz 9: Solids and Fluids

A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm².If the chisel is struck with a force of 45 N,what is the pressure exerted on the stone?

Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.This indicates Bar One:

When water freezes,it expands about nine percent.What would be the pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 ´ 10⁹ Pa,and 1 atm = 1.0 ´ 10⁵ Pa. )

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time) is equivalent to:

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter.What is the density of the material?

A uniform pressure of 7.0 ´ 10⁵ N/m² is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper,B = 14 ´ 10¹⁰ N/m²)

The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time) is equivalent to:

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

A copper wire of length 2.0 m,cross sectional area 7.1 ´ 10^-6 m² and Young's modulus 11 ´ 10¹⁰ N/m² has a 200-kg load hung on it.What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s²)

A tire stops a car by use of friction.What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and strain on the tire?

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (10⁵ Pa) .What is the net outward force exerted on a 1.0 m ´ 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm?

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 2.0-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 ´ 10¹¹ N/m²) by 1.0%?

Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?

The Greenland ice sheet can be one km thick.Estimate the pressure underneath the ice.(The density of ice is 918 kg/m³. )

The bulk modulus of a material,as a meaningful physical property,is applicable to which of the following?

A solid object is made of two materials,one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal masses of the materials,what is its average density?

The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time) is equivalent to:

A solid object is made of two materials,one material having density of 2 000 kg/m³ and the other having density of 6 000 kg/m³.If the object contains equal volumes of the materials,what is its average density?

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 ´ 10⁶ m,and atmospheric pressure at the surface is 10⁵ N/m². )

Quiz 9: Solids and Fluids

A stonecutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.50 cm2.If the chisel is struck with a force of 45 N,what is the pressure exerted on the stone?

Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two.This indicates Bar One:

When water freezes,it expands about nine percent.What would be the pressure increase inside your automobile engine block if the water in there froze? (The bulk modulus of ice is 2.0 ´ 109 Pa,and 1 atm = 1.0 ´ 105 Pa. )

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time) is equivalent to:

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 39.0 mm in height and 39.0 mm in diameter.What is the density of the material?

A uniform pressure of 7.0 ´ 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube.What is the percentage change in volume of the cube? (for copper,B = 14 ´ 1010 N/m2)

The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass,length,time) is equivalent to:

In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and:

A copper wire of length 2.0 m,cross sectional area 7.1 ´ 10-6 m2 and Young's modulus 11 ´ 1010 N/m2 has a 200-kg load hung on it.What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s2)