Question 1

The main characteristic of ______ are periods of overeating followed by purging.

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by periods of overeating, also known as binge-eating, followed by purging behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, or excessive exercise. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by severe food restriction, whereas pica is an eating disorder characterized by the persistent ingestion of non-food substances, and binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without behaviors such as purging.

Question 2

As compared with brain volume among individuals without the disorder, brain volume among individuals with anorexia nervosa is ______.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that individuals with anorexia nervosa have lower brain volumes compared with those without the disorder. This is particularly evident in regions of the brain involved in decision-making, appetite regulation, and emotion regulation.

Question 3

The neurotransmitter ______ plays a role in anorexia nervosa by influencing the feelings of fullness, impulse control, and mood.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is known as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter and is involved in mood regulation, appetite, and impulse control. Low levels of serotonin have been implicated in the development of anorexia nervosa, as individuals with the disorder may experience heightened feelings of anxiety and depression. Serotonin also plays a role in regulating feelings of fullness and satiety, which may become dysregulated in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Question 4

Among adolescent females, there is a higher prevalence of disordered eating in ______ females than ______ females.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that Hispanic and Native American adolescent females tend to have higher rates of disordered eating compared to their white, black, and Asian counterparts.

Question 5

The personality characteristics associated with anorexia nervosa, such as high anxiety and perfectionism, tend to ______ after treatment.

Accepted Answer

The personality characteristics associated with anorexia nervosa, such as high anxiety and perfectionism, often persist after treatment, even when significant progress is made in dealing with the eating disorder itself. These traits can be deeply ingrained and may not change significantly despite improvements in eating behaviors and weight.

Question 6

The affective component of anorexia involves such brain areas as the amygdala, insula, and ______.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex has been linked to the cognitive component of anorexia, but not the affective component. The primary motor cortex and visual association areas are not associated with anorexia. The pons is involved in autonomic functions such as breathing, but not directly in the affective component of anorexia. The amygdala and insula are both involved in emotion processing and have been linked to the affective component of anorexia.

Question 7

Food restrictions during adolescent development lead to several changes in the brain. Restrictive eating and anorexia do NOT produce a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

Restrictive eating and anorexia typically result in an overall reduction in brain volume, not an increase. This is due to the lack of nutrients affecting the brain's structure and function.

Question 8

Twin studies suggest that as much as ______ of the variance in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia can be accounted for by genetics.

Accepted Answer

Twin studies suggest that as much as 50-80% of the variance in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia can be accounted for by genetics. The most commonly cited estimate is around 60-80%, so the best choice is C, 80%.

Question 9

In the United States, as many as ______ of females may experience bulimia nervosa during their lifetime.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 2% of females in the United States may experience bulimia nervosa during their lifetime, according to research and statistical data on eating disorders.

Question 10

Addie is just beginning a treatment program for anorexia nervosa. The program is based on the Maudsley approach. Addie is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

The Maudsley approach is a family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa that focuses on weight restoration as the first step in recovery. Therefore, Addie is most likely beginning to gain weight in the early stages of treatment. While other aspects such as challenging unrealistic thoughts about body image and developing a healthy identity are important components of recovery, they are typically addressed in later stages of treatment once weight gain has been achieved.

Question 11

The first task in treating someone with anorexia nervosa is to

Accepted Answer

The first step in treating someone with anorexia nervosa is to gradually increase food consumption. This is done in a controlled and monitored manner to prevent refeeding syndrome and other complications that can arise from sudden increases in food intake. Once the person's physical condition stabilizes, psychological or family therapy may also be incorporated into the treatment plan. Medications such as neuroleptics are not typically used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Question 12

The restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa is NOT characterized by ______.

Accepted Answer

The restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa is characterized by severe restriction of food intake and often involves behaviors such as calorie counting, food avoidance, and fasting. It does not involve binge episodes. The other options (dieting, excessive exercise, and fasting) are all part of the diagnostic criteria for this subtype of anorexia nervosa.

Question 13

Higher levels of perfectionism in individuals with anorexia nervosa are associated with ______ recovery from treatment and ______ duration before relapse.

Accepted Answer

Higher levels of perfectionism in individuals with anorexia nervosa are associated with slower recovery from treatment and shorter duration before relapse.

Question 14

Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats and, when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Based on this information, Elaina is MOST likely suffering from the ______ type of ______.

Accepted Answer

Based on the information given, Elaina is restricting her food intake and compensating with excessive exercise, which are both characteristic behaviors of anorexia nervosa. Binge eating/purging is not mentioned in the scenario, making choices A and B incorrect. Choice D is also incorrect because it suggests that Elaina is engaging in purging behaviors, which is not mentioned in the scenario.

Question 15

One subtype of anorexia nervosa is the ______ type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One subtype of anorexia nervosa is the...

Question 16

The Maudsley approach to the treatment of anorexia nervosa is an example of ______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

The Maudsley approach, also known as family-based therapy, involves the family of the patient in the treatment process, with the aim of restoring the adolescent patient's weight and promoting normal eating behaviors. This approach is a form of family therapy that focuses on helping the family to understand and resolve factors that contribute to the maintenance of the eating disorder.

Question 17

The personality characteristics associated with anorexia nervosa do NOT include ______.

Accepted Answer

Extraversion is not typically associated with anorexia nervosa. High anxiety, perfectionism, and obsessiveness, on the other hand, are commonly seen in individuals with anorexia.

Question 18

Criteria for ______ include a restriction of food, a below-normal body weight, a fear of gaining weight, and a distortion of how body weight is experienced.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a restriction of food intake, resulting in a below-normal body weight, a fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one's body weight or shape. Bulimia nervosa involves binge eating and purging behaviors, while pica involves eating non-food items, and binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

Question 19

With respect to the Maudsley approach, Phase 1 is to Phase 3 as ______ is to ______.

Accepted Answer

Phase 1 of the Maudsley approach focuses on weight restoration, while Phase 3 is centered around identity development. Therefore, the best choice is C (weight restoration; identity development).

Question 20

From the 1600s until the present, anorexia nervosa has been described as reflecting three main characteristics. These characteristics do NOT include ______.

Accepted Answer

The three main characteristics historically associated with anorexia nervosa are food refusal, onset in adolescence, and lack of concern about the consequences of not eating. Periods of overeating are not typically associated with anorexia nervosa, but may be a feature of other eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa.

Quiz 10: Eating Disorders