Question 1

A key adjective associated with chronic diseases or chronic health conditions is __________.
A) acute
B) mild
C) persistent
D) recurring

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases or chronic health conditions are characterized by their persistence over time. Therefore, the most appropriate adjective is "persistent," which denotes something that continues stubbornly or continuously. The other options, such as "acute" or "mild," imply the opposite of chronicity, while "recurring" suggests periodicity rather than constant presence.

Question 2

What happens mid-transition during the first demographic transition?
A) both mortality and fertility decline
B) both mortality and fertility grow
C) mortality first declines followed by a decline in fertility
D) fertility first declines followed by a decline in mortality

Accepted Answer

Mid-transition during the first demographic transition is characterized by a decline in mortality followed by a decline in fertility. This is because improvements in healthcare and sanitation lead to a decrease in mortality rates, but it takes time for individuals to adjust their reproductive behavior and have fewer children.

Question 3

Where is Sudan positioned in terms of its first demographic transition?
A) Sudan has yet to enter its first demographic transition.
B) at the beginning
C) in the middle
D) at the end

Accepted Answer

Sudan is in the middle of its first demographic transition, characterized by declining mortality rates and a gradual decline in fertility rates, leading to changes in population growth dynamics.

Question 4

The effects of infectious disease are most likely to shape the epidemiological condition of __________.
A) Japan only
B) the United States only
C) Sudan
D) Japan and the United States

Accepted Answer

Epidemiological conditions in Sudan are most likely to be shaped by infectious diseases due to a variety of factors such as lack of access to healthcare, poor sanitation, and poverty. Japan and the United States have more robust healthcare systems and public health measures in place to prevent and control infectious diseases.

Question 5

Given that Japan's fertility has been between 1.2 and 1.4 for several decades, there is a distinct possibility that in the future Japan will experience a __________.
A) sharp drop in infant mortality
B) slow and steady increase in population
C) slow and steady decline in population
D) very rapid decline in population

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given that Japan's fertility has been between...

Question 6

Immunization is a method of __________.
A) combating infectious disease
B) treating chronic disease
C) curbing the spread of chronic disease
D) isolating chronic conditions from infectious conditions

Accepted Answer

Immunization is a preventative measure that involves vaccinating individuals to protect them from infectious diseases by building their immune systems' resistance to the specific disease. It is not a method of treating chronic disease, curbing the spread of chronic disease, or isolating chronic conditions from infectious conditions.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases, because it is infectious, is more likely than the others to be associated with the initial phase of the epidemiological transition?
A) arthritis
B) cancer
C) diabetes
D) flu

Accepted Answer

Flu is an infectious disease which spreads rapidly among individuals, making it more likely to be associated with the initial phase of the epidemiological transition. During this phase, infectious diseases are the leading cause of death, and the development of measures to prevent their spread is a primary concern. Arthritis, cancer, and diabetes are non-infectious diseases and are more prevalent in later stages of the epidemiological transition, where chronic diseases become a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

Question 8

How do fertility and mortality change during the first demographic transition?
A) They transition from low fertility and high mortality to high fertility and low mortality.
B) They transition from high fertility and low mortality to low fertility and high mortality.
C) They transition from low fertility and low mortality to high fertility and high mortality.
D) They transition from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality.

Accepted Answer

During the first demographic transition, societies move from a state of high fertility and high mortality to one of low fertility and low mortality, reflecting improvements in healthcare, nutrition, and overall living conditions.

Question 9

The latter phase of the epidemiological transition is associated with __________ diseases.
A) childhood
B) chronic
C) infectious
D) sexually transmitted

Accepted Answer

The latter phase of the epidemiological transition is associated with chronic diseases. This is because as societies develop and improve their living conditions, they experience a shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Childhood diseases and sexually transmitted diseases are typically associated with earlier phases of the epidemiological transition.

Question 10

__________ refers to the tendency of a population that has been changing in size to continue to change in size even if factors such as fertility and mortality have shifted to levels that would, in the long run, imply no change in population size.
A) Population expectancy
B) Population momentum
C) Population parity
D) The push-pull theory of population dynamics

Accepted Answer

Population momentum refers to the continued growth of a population even after fertility rates have declined to replacement level, due to the large number of individuals in the childbearing age range. This phenomenon results from the demographic shift in age structure and the inertia in the population growth.

Question 11

The effects of chronic disease are most likely to shape the epidemiological condition of __________.
A) Japan only
B) the United States only
C) Sudan
D) Japan and the United States

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, are prevalent in both Japan and the United States, and their effects on health outcomes and healthcare utilization are likely to shape the epidemiological condition of both countries. Sudan, on the other hand, is more impacted by infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Therefore, choice D is the best option.

Question 12

Epidemiology is the study of __________ events in populations, their characteristics, their causes, and their consequences.
A) age-related
B) death-related
C) health-related
D) marriage-related

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology is the study of health-related events in populations, including diseases, illnesses, and injuries, to understand their patterns, risk factors, and impact on public health.

Question 13

Should fertility remain at very low subreplacement levels, countries like Japan face which of the following prospects at some point in the future?
A) rapid population aging
B) rapid population decline
C) rapid population aging and rapid population decline
D) rapid population aging and steady population decline

Accepted Answer

If fertility remains at very low subreplacement levels, countries like Japan will face both rapid population aging and rapid population decline. This is because the population will be aging as birth rates decline, leading to an overall decrease in the size of the population.

Question 14

What does the structure of Sudan's age pyramid tell us?
A) that the numbers of those who are very young and those who are much older are roughly the same
B) that the numbers of those who are in their 30s and 40s and those who are in their 60s and 70s are roughly the same
C) that nearly all children survive to adolescence
D) that infant mortality is quite high

Accepted Answer

The structure of Sudan's age pyramid shows a bulge at the bottom, indicating a large number of children under the age of 15. This suggests that infant mortality is quite high, as a significant number of children do not survive past their first years of life. The smaller numbers in the age groups above 15 also suggest that the population may not be living as long, making the number of those who are much older (60s and 70s) smaller. Option A and B are not supported by the information given in the question, and Option C is not necessarily true just based on the age pyramid.

Question 15

Countries whose fertility is at or below replacement can continue to gain population because of __________.
A) immigration and rising life expectancy
B) immigration and population momentum
C) population momentum and dependency ratio
D) population momentum and rising life expectancy

Accepted Answer

Immigration can increase the population of a country, even if the fertility rate is at or below replacement. Additionally, population momentum can continue to increase a population even if fertility rates decline, as there are still large numbers of young people entering their reproductive years.

Question 16

What is the key to why the 7 billion humans alive in 2012 will almost certainly not grow to 14 billion humans in the foreseeable future?
A) pretransition reversal
B) mid-transition stagnation
C) mortality decline
D) fertility decline

Accepted Answer

The key to why the 7 billion humans alive in 2012 will almost certainly not grow to 14 billion humans in the foreseeable future is fertility decline. This is because many countries are experiencing a decline in fertility rates due to factors such as increased access to education and family planning, urbanization, and changing cultural attitudes towards childbearing. As a result, the global population growth rate has been slowing down and is projected to stabilize around 9-10 billion by 2050.

Question 17

Of the following countries, which is exhibiting population momentum?
A) Japan and the Sudan
B) Japan and the United States
C) Japan, the United States, and Sudan
D) the United States and Sudan

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the following countries, which is exhibiting...

Question 18

At the peak of the baby boom, how many children, on average, did U.S. women have?
A) 6.7 children
B) 5.7 children
C) 4.7 children
D) 3.7 children

Accepted Answer

At the peak of the baby boom, which occurred during the late 1950s and early 1960s, U.S. women had, on average, 3.7 children. This period is characterized by a significant increase in birth rates following World War II.

Question 19

How old were the oldest baby boomers in 2010?
A) 50 to 54
B) 60 to 64
C) 70 to 74
D) 80 to 84

Accepted Answer

Baby boomers were born between 1946 and 1964. In 2010, the oldest baby boomers were born in 1946, making them 64 years old (or 60 to 64 as indicated in choice B).

Question 20

Women, on average, have to produce __________ offspring to achieve replacement fertility, according to demographers.
A) 0
B) 1.5
C) 2.1
D) 3.5

Accepted Answer

Replacement fertility refers to the level of fertility at which a population replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. This level is estimated to be around 2.1 children per woman on average. Therefore, the correct answer is C) 2.1.

Quiz 20: Population

A key adjective associated with chronic diseases or chronic health conditions is __________.

What happens mid-transition during the first demographic transition?

Where is Sudan positioned in terms of its first demographic transition?

The effects of infectious disease are most likely to shape the epidemiological condition of __________.

Given that Japan's fertility has been between 1.2 and 1.4 for several decades, there is a distinct possibility that in the future Japan will experience a __________.

Immunization is a method of __________.

Which of the following diseases, because it is infectious, is more likely than the others to be associated with the initial phase of the epidemiological transition?

How do fertility and mortality change during the first demographic transition?

The latter phase of the epidemiological transition is associated with __________ diseases.

__________ refers to the tendency of a population that has been changing in size to continue to change in size even if factors such as fertility and mortality have shifted to levels that would, in the long run, imply no change in population size.

The effects of chronic disease are most likely to shape the epidemiological condition of __________.

Epidemiology is the study of __________ events in populations, their characteristics, their causes, and their consequences.

Should fertility remain at very low subreplacement levels, countries like Japan face which of the following prospects at some point in the future?

What does the structure of Sudan's age pyramid tell us?

Countries whose fertility is at or below replacement can continue to gain population because of __________.

What is the key to why the 7 billion humans alive in 2012 will almost certainly not grow to 14 billion humans in the foreseeable future?

Of the following countries, which is exhibiting population momentum?

At the peak of the baby boom, how many children, on average, did U.S. women have?

How old were the oldest baby boomers in 2010?

Women, on average, have to produce __________ offspring to achieve replacement fertility, according to demographers.