Question 1

Hoarseness is associated with epiglottitis.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

Children with epiglottitis often have difficulty in swallowing and handling secretions.

Accepted Answer

Epiglottitis is a medical condition in which the epiglottis - the flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue, swells and blocks the airway. This condition is considered an emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Difficulty in swallowing and handling secretions is a common symptom of epiglottitis in children, as the swollen epiglottis can interfere with normal breathing and cause discomfort when trying to swallow.

Question 3

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is most commonly caused by a viral infection. The most frequently seen etiologic agent(s) is/are the Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3.

Accepted Answer

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is most commonly caused by a viral infection, and the most frequently seen etiologic agent(s) is/are the Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 4

LTB is most common during the spring and summer months.

Accepted Answer

LTB, or laryngotracheobronchitis (commonly known as croup), is most common during the fall and winter months, not spring and summer.

Question 5

The onset of acute epiglottitis is considered abrupt. It typically develops over a period of 2 to 4 hours.

Accepted Answer

Acute epiglottitis is a rapidly progressing condition that can cause airway obstruction and respiratory failure within hours. It is therefore considered to have an abrupt onset, developing over a period of 2 to 4 hours.

Question 6

Acute epiglottitis most often occurs in children between 4 and 8 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Acute epiglottitis most often occurs in children between 2 and 6 years of age, although it can occur at any age.

Question 7

In LTB the child's inspiratory stridor is typically loud and high in pitch.

Accepted Answer

LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis) is characterized by a loud and high-pitched inspiratory stridor in children.

Question 8

Acute LTB is almost always caused by Haemophilus influenzae B.

Accepted Answer

While Haemophilus influenzae B used to be the most common cause of acute LTB, the introduction of the Hib vaccine has significantly decreased the incidence of Hib-related LTB. Other common causes include viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus.

Question 9

The white blood count is elevated in patients with LTB.

Accepted Answer

LTB (Latent Tuberculosis) typically does not cause an elevated white blood cell count, as it is a dormant infection without active symptoms.

Question 10

A fever is associated with patients who have LTB.

Accepted Answer

LTB (Latent Tuberculosis) typically does not present symptoms like fever, as it is a non-active form of tuberculosis.

Question 11

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -PaCO₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that...

Question 12

LTB is primarily seen in children between 6 months and 6 years of age.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. LTB (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is a viral infection that is most commonly seen in young children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years. It can also occur in older children and adults but is less common.

Question 13

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -HCO₃^-

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that...

Question 14

Which of the following is commonly seen on the lateral neck X-ray of the patient with epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is commonly seen...

Question 15

Compared with LTB, the inspiratory stridor heard in acute epiglottitis is usually softer and lower in pitch.

Accepted Answer

In acute epiglottitis, the stridor is typically softer and lower in pitch due to the obstruction being at the level of the epiglottis, whereas in LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis or croup), the stridor is often louder and higher-pitched due to subglottic narrowing.

Question 16

The onset of LTB is considered slow. It typically develops over a period of 2 to 4 days.

Accepted Answer

The onset of LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis) is usually rapid, with symptoms developing over a few hours.

Question 17

The white blood cell count is elevated in patients with epiglottitis.

Accepted Answer

Epiglottitis is an inflammation of the epiglottis, which can cause difficulty in breathing and swallow. Because it is an inflammatory process, it can cause an elevation in the white blood cell count as the body tries to fight off the infection. Therefore, an elevated WBC count is a common finding in patients with epiglottitis.

Question 18

Aerosolized racemic epinephrine is usually administered to children with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Aerosolized racemic epinephrine is generally administered to children with LTB (laryngotracheobronchitis) to reduce upper airway edema and alleviate respiratory distress. It is not typically used for epiglottitis, which requires immediate intervention with airway support and antibiotics.

Question 19

MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-pH

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the arterial blood gas changes that...

Question 20

Epiglottitis is seen more often in boys than girls.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Epiglottitis is more commonly seen in boys than girls.

Quiz 40: Croup Syndrome: Laryngotracheobronchitis and Acute Epiglottitis

Hoarseness is associated with epiglottitis.

Children with epiglottitis often have difficulty in swallowing and handling secretions.

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) is most commonly caused by a viral infection. The most frequently seen etiologic agent(s) is/are the Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3.

LTB is most common during the spring and summer months.

The onset of acute epiglottitis is considered abrupt. It typically develops over a period of 2 to 4 hours.

Acute epiglottitis most often occurs in children between 4 and 8 years of age.

In LTB the child's inspiratory stridor is typically loud and high in pitch.

Acute LTB is almost always caused by Haemophilus influenzae B.

The white blood count is elevated in patients with LTB.

A fever is associated with patients who have LTB.

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -PaCO2

LTB is primarily seen in children between 6 months and 6 years of age.

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -HCO3-

Which of the following is commonly seen on the lateral neck X-ray of the patient with epiglottitis?

Compared with LTB, the inspiratory stridor heard in acute epiglottitis is usually softer and lower in pitch.

The onset of LTB is considered slow. It typically develops over a period of 2 to 4 days.

The white blood cell count is elevated in patients with epiglottitis.

Aerosolized racemic epinephrine is usually administered to children with which of the following conditions?

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -pH

Epiglottitis is seen more often in boys than girls.

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -PaCO₂

MATCHING Match the arterial blood gas changes that develop in mild to moderate LTB or epiglottitis to the items listed below. Items may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -HCO₃^-