Question 1

Which of following statements is NOT true about memory for pictures?

Accepted Answer

Picture memory can show both the primacy and recency effect, just like memory for verbal information.

Question 2

With respect to the storage of images, how are images different from other mental representations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of With respect to the storage of images,...

Question 3

Compare and contrast imagery and perception. In what ways are they similar? How do they differ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast imagery and perception. In...

Question 4

Mentally zooming in and out of an image requires

Accepted Answer

Mentally zooming in and out of an image requires both working memory for the zooming process and long-term memory for the representation of the image. In order to zoom in and out, we need to hold onto the image in working memory while manipulating it, but we also need to access the stored representation of the image in long-term memory to know what we are zooming in and out of.

Question 5

In memorizing new material, it is consistently helpful if one imagines the items

Accepted Answer

Imagining the items interacting with each other creates a more memorable and cohesive image in the mind, making it easier to remember and recall the information.

Question 6

In one study on picture memory, researchers showed participants pictures of typical scenes, such as a bedroom. In each typical scene there were some unexpected objects (e.g., a washing machine). During the test, participants were shown the same scene with a few changes. Results from this study indicate that

Accepted Answer

The study showed that participants were more likely to notice changes to the unexpected objects in the typical scenes, such as the washing machine. This suggests that unexpected or unusual objects may draw our attention more than typical objects in a scene.

Question 7

Memory for pictures

Accepted Answer

Memory for pictures does show an influence of schema or prior knowledge, just like memories of other sorts. This can affect how people remember details and fill in gaps in their memory.  Choice A is incorrect because research has shown that memory for pictures can be good, especially if there is a strong emotional or personal connection to the images. Choice C is incorrect because rehearsal can improve memory for pictures. Choice D is incorrect, as memory for details not attended to closely during encoding may be inaccurate or incomplete.

Question 8

The concept of boundary extension illustrates that

Accepted Answer

The concept of boundary extension refers to the tendency for people to remember pictures as if they were seen from a slightly wider angle than they actually were, which suggests that people use perceptual schemas to understand pictures. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the concept of boundary extension.

Question 9

In memorizing new material, the pattern of "dual coding" refers to

Accepted Answer

Dual coding refers to the process of encoding material in both a verbal and visual format, creating two separate but interrelated memory traces. This can enhance memorization and retrieval of the material.

Question 10

Words that easily evoke imagery, like "ball," are _____ relative to words like "hope."

Accepted Answer

Words that easily evoke imagery are more memorable because they create a vivid mental picture in the reader's mind. This makes them easier to remember compared to words that are abstract or harder to visualize.

Question 11

Gertrude is shown a picture of a backyard and later asked to replicate the image by drawing it. When compared to the original, her drawing has a "zoomed out" perspective. This tendency is called

Accepted Answer

Boundary extension refers to the tendency to remember and reproduce images with slightly larger boundaries or a zoomed out perspective than actually seen. This can be seen in Gertrude's drawing of the backyard. Wide-angle memory, larger context, and eidetic imagery all refer to different cognitive processes unrelated to this phenomenon.

Question 12

It is difficult to examine mental imagery because mental images cannot be tested directly. Describe the various experimental techniques that psychologists have used to study imagery. Include a brief description of the task and the basic findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is difficult to examine mental imagery...

Question 13

Lisa and Katie are both using imagery mnemonics to try to remember the words "dog" and "Ferris wheel." Lisa imagines a dog riding a Ferris wheel, while Katie remembers a person at a theme park walking her dog. Lisa's strategy will

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lisa and Katie are both using imagery...

Question 14

Visual information may be stored in memory via a verbal description of the previously viewed object. Memory can be improved when an appropriate label of description is available. This is consistent with which of the following themes about memory?

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the theme that memory benefits from understanding or organization. When a verbal label or description is available, it can help organize the visual information in memory, making it easier to retrieve later.

Question 15

Paivio and others have proposed that some types of knowledge are encoded in image-based representations and that other types of knowledge are stored in verbal form. In addition, they claim that

Accepted Answer

Paivio and others propose that image-based knowledge is more efficiently accessed with a picture as the memory cue. This is known as the "picture superiority effect" and suggests that visual representations are more memorable and easier to recall than verbal representations.

Question 16

Homer, Lisa, and Moe are asked to remember pairs or words, and Homer tries to accomplish this task by rehearsing the words over and over again. Lisa decides to create a narrative combining the words together. Finally, Moe decides to imagine the objects interacting in some way. Who is likely to remember the items best?

Accepted Answer

Moe is likely to remember the items best because creating mental images of objects interacting is a powerful mnemonic strategy that enhances memory retention by making the information more vivid and meaningful.

Question 17

Which of the following phrases would best describe the notion of boundary extension?

Accepted Answer

"Think about the big picture" would best describe boundary extension, as it involves perceiving and remembering more than what was originally presented, or the "bigger picture." The other phrases are not directly related to this concept.

Question 18

According to Paivio, a word like "chair" is _____ than a word like "faith."

Accepted Answer

According to Paivio's Dual Coding Theory, concrete words like "chair" are easier to process and remember because they can be associated with an image in addition to the verbal representation. Abstract words like "faith" are more difficult to process and remember because they lack a concrete referent and cannot be easily visualized. So, it can be deduced that a word like "chair" is easier to memorize than a word like "faith."

Question 19

If given a picture of a classroom with a chalkboard, desks, and students, people are likely to

Accepted Answer

People often remember scenes with added details that fit their schema or expectations, such as bookshelves in a classroom, even if they weren't present.

Question 20

How do imagery and perception influence and interact with one another? Under what circumstances will they work together to facilitate processing and memory? Under what circumstances will they interfere with one another, and potentially hinder processing? What does this tell us about the nature of imagery?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do imagery and perception influence and...

Quiz 10: Visual Knowledge