Question 1

We know the articulatory rehearsal loop is separate from the other components of working memory because

Accepted Answer

Manipulations like concurrent articulation, where the person is asked to repeat a set of numbers or words while performing another task, compromise the articulatory rehearsal loop but do not affect the other components of working memory. This suggests that the loop is a separate component from the others, such as the visuospatial sketchpad and the central executive.

Question 2

Which of the following kinds of evidence is least likely to be used in cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Self-reported dreams may not always be reliable or accurate representations of cognitive processes and may be subject to bias and interpretation. Therefore, cognitive psychology may prefer other sources of data such as behavioral or neuroimaging measures.

Question 3

Theorists have proposed that working memory is best understood as a system involving multiple components. The activities of this system are controlled by a resource called the

Accepted Answer

The term "central executive" refers to the resource that controls the activities of the various components involved in working memory. Therefore, the best choice is D, central executive.

Question 4

Participants are shown a series of complex shapes (that are not easily named) and asked to draw them from memory after they have been taken away. Which of the following statements about this exercise is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Saying, "tah, tah, tah," out loud while doing this task should not affect performance because it is an irrelevant verbalization that does not interfere with the visual-spatial processing required for drawing the shapes.

Question 5

A participant hears the sequence "F, D, P, U, G, Q, R," and then, a moment later, must repeat the sequence aloud. If errors occur in this procedure, they are likely to involve

Accepted Answer

Sound-alike confusions are the most common type of errors that occur in recalling a sequence of letters. This is because the participant must rely on their auditory memory to recall the sequence, and similar-sounding letters may be more difficult to distinguish from each other. Look-alike confusions and confusions with neighbors in the alphabet are less likely to occur because the letters are presented verbally, not visually, and there is no visual similarity or sequencing to aid memory. Strong associations may play a role in some cases, but are not as likely to cause errors as sound-alike confusions.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the introspection, behaviorist, and cognitive approaches to studying mental activities. Which approach do you find most compelling, and why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the introspection, behaviorist, and...

Question 7

Working memory provides one example of how

Accepted Answer

The answer of Working memory provides one example of how
...

Question 8

Evidence from anarthric (speechless) patients suggests that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence from anarthric (speechless) patients suggests that
...

Question 9

Recent developments in brain-imaging technology can help us in cognitive psychology. For example, we can now tell exactly which parts of the brain are especially engaged in working-memory rehearsal. These techniques are the central sources of data for

Accepted Answer

Brain-imaging technology is a central tool for cognitive neuroscience, which is concerned with understanding the neural basis of mental processes. Neuropsychology also uses brain imaging, but it is more focused on studying the behavior and mental processes of individuals with brain damage or dysfunction. Developmental imaging is a subfield of cognitive neuroscience that focuses on changes in brain structure and function across development. While brain imaging data can be used in modeling, it is not the central source of data for modeling in cognitive psychology.

Question 10

Cognitive psychology relies on evidence from multiple domains (behavioral, neuroscience, trauma, etc.) because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cognitive psychology relies on evidence from multiple...

Question 11

Dr. Mnemonic conducted a study in which neural activity was measured (with fMRI) while participants were presented with either digits or abstract images to memorize. He found that the left temporal lobe was active when the digits were presented, and the right parietal lobe was active for the abstract images. Interpret these results in terms of the multicomponent model. Does it support this model or refute it? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Mnemonic conducted a study in which...

Question 12

Even though the articulatory loop cannot be seen directly, we are confident it exists because

Accepted Answer

Behavioral manipulations, like articulatory suppression, suggest that the articulatory loop is a distinct component.

Question 13

Imagine you are briefly presented with, and asked to memorize, the following letters for an immediate recall test: Q, R, T, B, O, W, A. How would you go about remembering those items? (Make sure you use appropriate terminology.) Now, imagine that you are given the same memory task but asked to say the word "the" while the letters are being presented. How would this second condition influence your mental behavior? What effect would it have on your performance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine you are briefly presented with, and...

Question 14

Describe how cognitive psychologists arrive at knowledge by answering the following questions about working memory.
a. Describe the multicomponent model of WM.
b. What is anarthia? What are the implications of this disorder for the multicomponent model of WM?
c. Describe one other source of knowledge, besides special populations, that can be used to evaluate the multicomponent model of WM.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how cognitive psychologists arrive at knowledge...

Question 15

Participants in an experiment are shown a series of digits and then asked to repeat them back a moment later. While being shown the sequence, the participants are required to say, "tah, tah, tah," out loud, over and over again. The evidence indicates that the recitation of "tah, tah, tah" will

Accepted Answer

The recitation of "tah, tah, tah" blocks participants from using their inner voice to rehearse the digits, which interferes with their ability to perform the memory task effectively.

Question 16

The task of saying, "tah, tah, tah," while taking a span test to assess working memory is known as

Accepted Answer

The task of saying "tah, tah, tah" while taking a span test is known as concurrent articulation. This is because it involves holding onto and articulating a series of sounds while also performing a cognitive task, which can help researchers assess the limits of an individual's working memory.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT central to research in neuropsychology?

Accepted Answer

The use of introspection is not central to research in neuropsychology as it involves the subjective self-reporting of one's own mental processes, which may not always be accurate or reliable. Neuropsychology primarily focuses on objective measures of brain function and behavior through techniques such as brain-imaging technology and studying how brain dysfunctions affect performance. Additionally, studying brain development is an important area of research in neuropsychology as it helps to understand how the brain changes throughout the lifespan and how this impacts behavior and cognition.

Question 18

Bert has sustained damage to a part of his left temporal lobe, which is important for language production. Which of the following problems would we expect to see if Bert were given a WM test?

Accepted Answer

The left temporal lobe is important for language production, so damage to this area would likely result in difficulty with verbal information. Working memory (WM) tests typically involve recalling information that has been presented verbally, so Bert would likely have difficulty rehearsing items with verbal labels. The other choices are not directly related to the functioning of the left temporal lobe.

Question 19

Mikey is four years old and has begun acting out. Every time he throws a tantrum, his mother rushes over to console him. In analyzing this behavior, what sort of factors would most interest a behaviorist? On what factors would a cognitive psychologist using the transcendental method focus? What conclusions will each psychologist reach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mikey is four years old and has...

Question 20

Evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that subvocalization is MOST closely related to

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the same regions of the brain involved in planning and executing speech are also active when subvocalization (imagining speaking without actually speaking) occurs. This suggests a strong connection between subvocalization and speech planning.

Quiz 1: The Science of the Mind