Question 1

How does the presence of solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent?

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Question 2

Describe the dynamic equilibrium between evaporation and condensation that is established when a liquid is in a closed container.

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Question 3

The vapor pressure of acetone (C₃H₆O,58.08 g/mol)at 30.0S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C is approximately 0.3270 atm.Approximately how many grams of benzophenone,a nonvolatile solute (C₁₃H₁₀O,182.2 g/mol),are dissolved in 150 g acetone when the vapor pressure of the solution is 0.3169 atm at 30.0S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C?

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Question 4

You are working as a research intern in a biochemistry lab,and you synthesize a new protein.You decide to use osmosis to determine your protein's molar mass.You dissolve 1.0 g of the enzyme in water to make 250 mL of solution,and the osmotic pressure is 3.5 torr at 298 K.You report that the molar mass is __________ g/mol.

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Question 5

The vapor pressure of water at 25S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C is approximately 23.8 torr.What is the vapor pressure of a 25.0% by mass ethylene glycol solution in water? Consider ethylene glycol to be nonvolatile. (C₂H₆O₂,62.07 g/mol,1.1132 g/mL,K_f,water = 1.86S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C/m).

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Question 6

Rank the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (largest lattice energy is the most negative): MgF₂,MgCl₂,MgBr₂,and MgI₂.

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Question 7

The enthalpy of vaporization of water depends on temperature.The vapor pressure of water at 60S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C is about 149.4 torr.Estimate the $\Delta$H_vap in kJ/mol at 60S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C to two significant figures.

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Question 8

Does the temperature of the vapors in a still head increase or decrease as a fractional distillation progresses? Explain.

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Question 9

Define the terms enthalpy of solution,enthalpy of hydration,and lattice energy.

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Question 10

Define the term "colligative" in relation to the properties of a solution,and list four colligative properties.

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Question 11

A 50:50 mixture of cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂,84.16 g/mol)and toluene (C₆H₅CH₃,92.14S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C)are to be separated by fractional distillation.A plot of temperature versus volume of distillate shows two plateaus,one at 80.7S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C and one at 110.6S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C.What is the approximate boiling point of each liquid? Use intermolecular forces to justify your answer.

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Question 12

A bottle is half filled with a mixture of 25% liquid heptane and 75% liquid octane by moles at 25S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C.What is the mole ratio of heptane to octane in the space above the liquid compared to in the liquid? The vapor pressures are 31 torr for heptane and 11 torr for octane.

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Question 13

What is the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 25.0 g powdered sulfur (S₈,256.4 g/mol)in 250.0 g carbon disulfide (CS₂,76.13 g/mol,K_b = 2.37S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C/m,T_b = 46.2S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C)?

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Question 14

Which has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature,pure water or salty seawater? Explain.

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Question 15

Seawater can be characterized by the following average values.What is the molal concentration of ions in seawater? Explain how you arrived at your answer.
density = 1.022 g/mL
total mass of ions = 35.17 g/kg
concentration of ions = 1.15 M

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Question 16

Describe the effect of increasing temperature,increasing surface area,and increasing intermolecular forces on the evaporation rate of a liquid.Explain your answers.

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Question 17

A solution contains two isomers,n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol,at 25S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C.The total vapor pressure is 38.6 torr.What are the mole fractions of each alcohol in the liquid and in the vapor phase? The vapor pressures are 21.0 torr for n-propyl alcohol and 45.2 torr for isopropyl alcohol.

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Question 18

Use the following data to calculate the lattice energy of lithium chloride (LiCl).

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Question 19

Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction. 2 Na(s)+ O₂(g)$\to$ Na₂O(s)

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Question 20

A solution contains pentane (C₅H₁₂,72.15 g/mol)and hexane (C₆H₁₄,86.17 g/mol)at 25S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C,which have vapor pressures of 511 and 150 torr,respectively.To create a solution with a total vapor pressure of 275 torr,approximately how many grams of hexane should be mixed with 50.0 g pentane?

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Quiz 11: Properties of Solutions-Their Concentrations and Colligative Properties

How does the presence of solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent?

Describe the dynamic equilibrium between evaporation and condensation that is established when a liquid is in a closed container.

The vapor pressure of acetone (C₃H₆O,58.08 g/mol)at 30.0^$\circ$C is approximately 0.3270 atm.Approximately how many grams of benzophenone,a nonvolatile solute (C₁₃H₁₀O,182.2 g/mol),are dissolved in 150 g acetone when the vapor pressure of the solution is 0.3169 atm at 30.0^$\circ$C?

The vapor pressure of water at 25^$\circ$C is approximately 23.8 torr.What is the vapor pressure of a 25.0% by mass ethylene glycol solution in water? Consider ethylene glycol to be nonvolatile. (C₂H₆O₂,62.07 g/mol,1.1132 g/mL,K_f,water = 1.86^$\circ$C/m).

Rank the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (largest lattice energy is the most negative): MgF₂,MgCl₂,MgBr₂,and MgI₂.

The enthalpy of vaporization of water depends on temperature.The vapor pressure of water at 60^$\circ$C is about 149.4 torr.Estimate the $\Delta$ H_vap in kJ/mol at 60^$\circ$C to two significant figures.

Does the temperature of the vapors in a still head increase or decrease as a fractional distillation progresses? Explain.

Define the terms enthalpy of solution,enthalpy of hydration,and lattice energy.

Define the term "colligative" in relation to the properties of a solution,and list four colligative properties.

A bottle is half filled with a mixture of 25% liquid heptane and 75% liquid octane by moles at 25^$\circ$C.What is the mole ratio of heptane to octane in the space above the liquid compared to in the liquid? The vapor pressures are 31 torr for heptane and 11 torr for octane.

What is the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 25.0 g powdered sulfur (S₈,256.4 g/mol)in 250.0 g carbon disulfide (CS₂,76.13 g/mol,K_b = 2.37^$\circ$C/m,T_b = 46.2^$\circ$C)?

Which has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature,pure water or salty seawater? Explain.

Seawater can be characterized by the following average values.What is the molal concentration of ions in seawater? Explain how you arrived at your answer. density = 1.022 g/mL total mass of ions = 35.17 g/kg concentration of ions = 1.15 M

Describe the effect of increasing temperature,increasing surface area,and increasing intermolecular forces on the evaporation rate of a liquid.Explain your answers.

A solution contains two isomers,n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol,at 25^$\circ$C.The total vapor pressure is 38.6 torr.What are the mole fractions of each alcohol in the liquid and in the vapor phase? The vapor pressures are 21.0 torr for n-propyl alcohol and 45.2 torr for isopropyl alcohol.

Use the following data to calculate the lattice energy of lithium chloride (LiCl).

A solution contains pentane (C₅H₁₂,72.15 g/mol)and hexane (C₆H₁₄,86.17 g/mol)at 25^$\circ$C,which have vapor pressures of 511 and 150 torr,respectively.To create a solution with a total vapor pressure of 275 torr,approximately how many grams of hexane should be mixed with 50.0 g pentane?

Quiz 11: Properties of Solutions-Their Concentrations and Colligative Properties

How does the presence of solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent?

Describe the dynamic equilibrium between evaporation and condensation that is established when a liquid is in a closed container.

The vapor pressure of acetone (C3H6O,58.08 g/mol)at 30.0 ∘\circ∘ C is approximately 0.3270 atm.Approximately how many grams of benzophenone,a nonvolatile solute (C13H10O,182.2 g/mol),are dissolved in 150 g acetone when the vapor pressure of the solution is 0.3169 atm at 30.0 ∘\circ∘ C?

The vapor pressure of water at 25 ∘\circ∘ C is approximately 23.8 torr.What is the vapor pressure of a 25.0% by mass ethylene glycol solution in water? Consider ethylene glycol to be nonvolatile. (C2H6O2,62.07 g/mol,1.1132 g/mL,Kf,water = 1.86 ∘\circ∘ C/m).

Rank the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (largest lattice energy is the most negative): MgF2,MgCl2,MgBr2,and MgI2.

The enthalpy of vaporization of water depends on temperature.The vapor pressure of water at 60 ∘\circ∘ C is about 149.4 torr.Estimate the Δ\DeltaΔ Hvap in kJ/mol at 60 ∘\circ∘ C to two significant figures.

Does the temperature of the vapors in a still head increase or decrease as a fractional distillation progresses? Explain.

Define the terms enthalpy of solution,enthalpy of hydration,and lattice energy.

Define the term "colligative" in relation to the properties of a solution,and list four colligative properties.

A bottle is half filled with a mixture of 25% liquid heptane and 75% liquid octane by moles at 25 ∘\circ∘ C.What is the mole ratio of heptane to octane in the space above the liquid compared to in the liquid? The vapor pressures are 31 torr for heptane and 11 torr for octane.

What is the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 25.0 g powdered sulfur (S8,256.4 g/mol)in 250.0 g carbon disulfide (CS2,76.13 g/mol,Kb = 2.37 ∘\circ∘ C/m,Tb = 46.2 ∘\circ∘ C)?

Which has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature,pure water or salty seawater? Explain.

Seawater can be characterized by the following average values.What is the molal concentration of ions in seawater? Explain how you arrived at your answer. density = 1.022 g/mL total mass of ions = 35.17 g/kg concentration of ions = 1.15 M

Describe the effect of increasing temperature,increasing surface area,and increasing intermolecular forces on the evaporation rate of a liquid.Explain your answers.

Use the following data to calculate the lattice energy of lithium chloride (LiCl).

Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction. 2 Na(s)+ O2(g) →\to→ Na2O(s)

A solution contains pentane (C5H12,72.15 g/mol)and hexane (C6H14,86.17 g/mol)at 25 ∘\circ∘ C,which have vapor pressures of 511 and 150 torr,respectively.To create a solution with a total vapor pressure of 275 torr,approximately how many grams of hexane should be mixed with 50.0 g pentane?

The vapor pressure of acetone (C₃H₆O,58.08 g/mol)at 30.0^$\circ$C is approximately 0.3270 atm.Approximately how many grams of benzophenone,a nonvolatile solute (C₁₃H₁₀O,182.2 g/mol),are dissolved in 150 g acetone when the vapor pressure of the solution is 0.3169 atm at 30.0^$\circ$C?

The vapor pressure of water at 25^$\circ$C is approximately 23.8 torr.What is the vapor pressure of a 25.0% by mass ethylene glycol solution in water? Consider ethylene glycol to be nonvolatile. (C₂H₆O₂,62.07 g/mol,1.1132 g/mL,K_f,water = 1.86^$\circ$C/m).

Rank the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (largest lattice energy is the most negative): MgF₂,MgCl₂,MgBr₂,and MgI₂.

The enthalpy of vaporization of water depends on temperature.The vapor pressure of water at 60^$\circ$C is about 149.4 torr.Estimate the $\Delta$ H_vap in kJ/mol at 60^$\circ$C to two significant figures.

A bottle is half filled with a mixture of 25% liquid heptane and 75% liquid octane by moles at 25^$\circ$C.What is the mole ratio of heptane to octane in the space above the liquid compared to in the liquid? The vapor pressures are 31 torr for heptane and 11 torr for octane.

What is the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 25.0 g powdered sulfur (S₈,256.4 g/mol)in 250.0 g carbon disulfide (CS₂,76.13 g/mol,K_b = 2.37^$\circ$C/m,T_b = 46.2^$\circ$C)?