Question 1

Which of the following helps maintain the structure of chromosomes and control the activity of genes?

Accepted Answer

Proteins help maintain the structure of chromosomes by interacting with DNA to form chromatin, and they can also control the activity of genes through various mechanisms such as transcription factors. The nuclear membrane helps to separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm, but it does not directly affect chromosome structure or gene activity. Centromeres are specific regions on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during cell division, but they do not have a role in maintaining the overall structure of the chromosome or controlling gene activity. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, but they do not play a direct role in maintaining chromosome structure or gene activity.

Question 2

At the start of mitotic anaphase

Accepted Answer

At the start of mitotic anaphase, the centromeres of each chromosome come apart, separating the sister chromatids and allowing them to move towards opposite poles of the cell. This is a crucial step in ensuring that equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes are delivered to the two daughter cells during cytokinesis. The formation of new nuclear envelopes around the chromosomes occurs later, during telophase. There is no replication of DNA during anaphase.

Question 3

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg, is called

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent without the participation of sperm and egg. This can occur through methods like cell division or budding. Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents through the process of fertilization. Regeneration is the ability to regrow lost or damaged body parts, which may or may not involve reproduction. Spontaneous generation is a disproven theory that living organisms can arise from non-living matter.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

Accepted Answer

Cell division is actually more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes since prokaryotes are typically single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually through binary fission. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, use a more complex process of mitosis or meiosis for cell division.

Question 5

The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is

Accepted Answer

During prophase, the chromatin condenses and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Question 6

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus, while prokaryotic chromosomes are not.

Question 7

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

Accepted Answer

Interphase is the period during which the cell grows and duplicates its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. This includes three stages, G1, S, and G2 phases. During G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out its normal metabolic activities. During S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes. During G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis or meiosis.

Question 8

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have

Accepted Answer

Siblings who have the same two biological parents inherit a similar but not identical combination of genes. While they may inherit some of the same genes from each parent, they will also inherit different variations of those genes, called alleles. This leads to variations in physical traits such as height, eye color, and hair type. Therefore, siblings are likely to look similar but not identical to each other.

Question 9

Prior to mitosis and after S phase, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called

Accepted Answer

Prior to mitosis and after S phase, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called sister chromatids.

Question 10

The genetic material is duplicated during

Accepted Answer

The S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is when DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the genetic material.

Question 11

Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to

Accepted Answer

The phrase "like begets like" specifically refers to asexual reproduction, where offspring are genetically identical to the parent, thus ensuring the progeny is "like" the parent.

Question 12

Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s), whereas sexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s).

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves only one individual, as it does not require the fusion of gametes, while sexual reproduction requires two individuals to provide genetic material for the offspring.

Question 13

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called

Accepted Answer

Mitosis refers specifically to the division of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm to produce two separate daughter cells. Binary fission is a type of cell division found in prokaryotes. Telophase is actually a stage of mitosis, not the process of cytoplasmic division.

Question 14

Sister chromatids are

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome that are joined at a centromere. They are produced during DNA replication prior to cell division.

Question 15

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells spend the majority of their cell cycle in interphase, which includes three stages: G1, S, and G2. During interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division. Prophase, metaphase, and telophase are stages of mitosis, which occurs after interphase.

Question 16

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! You realize that this cell is

Accepted Answer

The narrow middle separating two bulging ends is a characteristic of a cell undergoing cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed. This stage typically follows mitosis, which has already resulted in the formation of two nuclei. The other choices (B and C) refer to different stages of interphase, the stage between cell divisions, and D refers to a general process of cell division without specificity to the given cell shape.

Question 17

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

Accepted Answer

During telophase, the separated chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell, and a new nuclear envelope begins to form around each set of chromosomes, preparing for the eventual separation of the cell into two daughter cells.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) from two separate individuals, which creates offspring with a unique combination of genes from both parents. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, typically involves only one parent and does not mix genetic material. Therefore, sexual reproduction is more likely to increase genetic variation within a population compared to asexual reproduction. The other statements are incorrect: cell division occurs in both types of reproduction, asexual offspring do not inherit traits from two parents, and unfertilized eggs do not develop in sexual reproduction.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally less complex than those of eukaryotes, as they are usually circular and do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or other organelles.

Question 20

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?

Accepted Answer

During metaphase, the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell (the metaphase plate) and are held in place by spindle fibers attached to the kinetochores on each chromosome. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive an equal and complete set of chromosomes during the subsequent stages of mitosis.

Quiz 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Which of the following helps maintain the structure of chromosomes and control the activity of genes?

At the start of mitotic anaphase

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg, is called

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have

Prior to mitosis and after S phase, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called

The genetic material is duplicated during

Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to

Asexual reproduction requires individual(s) , whereas sexual reproduction requires individual(s) .

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called

Sister chromatids are

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! You realize that this cell is

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?

Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?

Quiz 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Which of the following helps maintain the structure of chromosomes and control the activity of genes?

At the start of mitotic anaphase

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg, is called

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have

Prior to mitosis and after S phase, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called

The genetic material is duplicated during

Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to

Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s) , whereas sexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s) .

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called

Sister chromatids are

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! You realize that this cell is

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?

Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is false?

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?

Asexual reproduction requires individual(s) , whereas sexual reproduction requires individual(s) .