Question 1

Which of these international financial organizations regulates the monetary relationship among nations and establishes exchange rates for the world's major currencies?

Accepted Answer

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) regulates the monetary relationship among nations and establishes exchange rates for the world's major currencies. The World Bank focuses on providing loans and grants to developing countries for specific projects, while the World Trade Organization (WTO) oversees international trade negotiations and dispute resolution. NATO is a military alliance, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was replaced by the WTO in 1995.

Question 2

Which of the following was instrumental in the organization of the populist uprisings against oppressive regimes that toppled governments in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011?

Accepted Answer

Social networking technology, specifically platforms like Twitter and Facebook, played a key role in organizing and mobilizing the populist uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011. These platforms allowed activists to share information, coordinate protests, and build networks of support across the regions. While other factors, such as military intervention and door-to-door canvassing, may have played a role in these uprisings, social networking technology was instrumental in their organization and success.

Question 3

In 1995, the World Trade Organization replaced which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. The other options (A, B, C, E) are international organizations that were not replaced by the WTO.

Question 4

Which presidential doctrine emphasized the right of the United States to take unilateral action against enemies?

Accepted Answer

The Bush Doctrine emphasized the right of the United States to take unilateral action against enemies, specifically in the context of the War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks. The doctrine stated that the US had the right to use military force preemptively against any perceived threats to its national security.

Question 5

Outline the creation of the position of director of national intelligence (DNI), and explain this position's function and responsibilities.

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Question 6

Which of the following events is the best example of brinksmanship?

Accepted Answer

Brinksmanship refers to a strategy where two opposing parties push a situation to the brink of war or conflict, and then back down at the last minute to achieve their desired outcome. The Cuban Missile Crisis is a classic example of brinksmanship, where the United States and the Soviet Union came dangerously close to a nuclear war but ultimately averted it through a combination of diplomacy and negotiation. The other events listed may also involve high tension and conflict, but they do not fit the specific criteria of brinksmanship.

Question 7

Which of the following is an ongoing challenge for U.S. foreign policy in the twenty-first century?

Accepted Answer

All of these options are ongoing challenges for US foreign policy in the 21st century. Terrorism continues to pose a threat to national security and global stability, nuclear and chemical/biological weapons proliferation remain concerns, and rapid global climate change has implications for international relations and the global economy.

Question 8

Which Cold War-era policy was designed to prevent the spread of communism?

Accepted Answer

The policy of containment was designed to prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War. It involved the United States providing economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, as well as using political and diplomatic strategies to restrict the influence of communist powers.

Question 9

Outline the important features of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

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Question 10

Explain why public opinion has little influence over the conduct of U.S. foreign policy.

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Question 11

Explain the doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD).

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Question 12

Define regime change as a foreign policy objective, and identify examples of its application by the United States.

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Question 13

Explain the purpose and features of the War Powers Act of 1973.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Which conflict saw the introduction of the concept of preventive war, the strategy of waging war on countries regarded as threats to avoid future conflicts?

Accepted Answer

The concept of preventive war was introduced during the Iraq War, in which the United States invaded Iraq based on the belief that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction and posed a potential threat to national security. This preemptive strike was justified as a means of preventing a future attack on the US or its allies.

Question 15

Outline the Bush Doctrine, and provide examples of its application.

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Question 16

Which presidential doctrine emphasized the responsibility of U.S. allies to provide for their own national defense and sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union and China, the two communist world powers?

Accepted Answer

The doctrine described is the Nixon Doctrine, which was announced by President Richard Nixon in 1969. It emphasized the need for U.S. allies to take more responsibility for their own defense, while also seeking to improve relations with the Soviet Union and China.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the approaches of the Department of State and the National Security Council to global foreign policy issues.

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Question 18

Which of these agreements, signed in 1987, led to the first destruction of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, signed in 1987, led to the first destruction of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union. It eliminated all ground-launched missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers.

Question 19

Identify ways the media can influence the conduct and substance of foreign policy.

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Question 20

Outline the important features of normal trade relations between the United States and other countries.

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Quiz 18: Foreign Policy and National Security