Question 1

Which of the following is not an achievement-based status dimension?

Accepted Answer

Age is not an achievement-based status dimension. It is a demographic characteristic that is determined by the length of time since an individual's birth. The other choices, occupation, income, and education, are all related to an individual's achievements and accomplishments in their career or educational pursuits.

Question 2

Occupation is the most widely used single-item index in marketing studies.

Accepted Answer

Occupation is commonly used as a demographic variable in marketing studies to help understand consumer behavior and target specific segments of the market. It is often combined with other variables such as age, gender, income, and education.

Question 3

The lower, or working, class accounts for over half of the Australian population.

Accepted Answer

According to the latest Australian Bureau of Statistics data (2016), the proportion of people who consider themselves to be in the working class is much lower, at around 23%. The majority of Australians identify as being in the middle class (about 60%), with a smaller percentage identifying as either upper class or lower class.

Question 4

For a social class to be exhaustive it is necessary that:

Accepted Answer

For a social class system to be exhaustive, it must include every individual in the system, meaning every individual fits into some class. This is because an exhaustive class system describes every possible position within the social hierarchy without any overlap or gaps. A, B, and C may all be components of a social class system, but they do not specifically address the requirement of exhaustiveness.

Question 5

Warner's index uses occupation, income level, house type and dwelling area as key socioeconomic indicators.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Warner's index uses occupation, income level, house...

Question 6

Education has served as the primary path for upward social mobility.

Accepted Answer

Education has traditionally been viewed as the most reliable way for individuals to improve their economic and social status. Through education, people can acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to secure better-paying jobs and gain access to more opportunities.

Question 7

For a social class to be bounded it is necessary that:

Accepted Answer

A rule must be in place that determines who is included or excluded from a particular social class. This creates a clear boundary that separates one class from another. The other options (B, C, and D) may be characteristics of a bounded social class, but they are not essential for creating boundaries.

Question 8

For a social class to be influential there must be behavioural variations within a class.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral variations within a class are not necessary for a social class to be influential; influence can stem from shared norms, values, or economic power.

Question 9

The social-class system is defined as the arbitrary division of society into permanent, heterogeneous groups with respect to social power.

Accepted Answer

The social-class system is typically defined as a division of society into groups based on factors like wealth, education, and occupation, which can be fluid and not necessarily permanent.

Question 10

The more consistent an individual is on all status dimensions:

Accepted Answer

When an individual is consistent on all status dimensions (such as education, occupation, income, etc.), it indicates a high degree of status crystallization. This means that their status is well-defined and stable across different areas of their life. Therefore, the greater the degree of status crystallization, the more consistent an individual is on all status dimensions.

Question 11

For a social class to be mutually exclusive it is necessary that:

Accepted Answer

For social classes to be mutually exclusive, it is necessary that an individual belongs to only one class. This means that they cannot simultaneously belong to multiple classes, ensuring that the classes are distinct and exclusive.

Question 12

For a social class to be ordered individuals can only belong to a single social class.

Accepted Answer

Individuals can belong to multiple social classes based on various factors such as their occupation, education, wealth, and social connections. Social class is not a fixed and homogeneous category but a complex and fluid concept that has overlapping and intersecting dimensions. Moreover, social mobility and status inconsistency may further complicate the boundaries and stratification within social classes.

Question 13

The functional approach to social class categorisation is based on:

Accepted Answer

The functional approach to social class categorisation is based on an individual's occupation, income and living conditions. These factors are seen as the most significant in determining an individual's social class and their level of access to resources and opportunities. The other options, such as an individual's status in a community or the value of their home, may be factors that contribute to socioeconomic status, but they are not the primary criteria used in the functional approach.

Question 14

For a social class to be bounded there must be clear breaks between each social class.

Accepted Answer

For a social class to be bounded, there must be distinct and visible differences between each social class, which create clear breaks or boundaries.

Question 15

For a social-class system to exist in a society the classes must meet all of the following criteria except:

Accepted Answer

Classes in a social-class system do not necessarily need to be specified; they can be fluid and subject to interpretation. The other criteria (ordered, mutually exclusive, and bounded) are essential for defining distinct social classes.

Question 16

Warner's system is based on socioeconomic factors.

Accepted Answer

Warner's system of social stratification is based on socioeconomic factors such as education, occupation, and income.

Question 17

Status crystallisation involves:

Accepted Answer

Status crystallisation refers to the degree of consistency an individual has across all the status dimensions. It refers to the degree to which an individual's multiple status characteristics (such as income, education, occupation, etc.) all align in the same direction. For example, if someone has a high income, high education, and a prestigious occupation, their status is said to be crystallised because all their status characteristics point in the same direction.

Question 18

The weighting system in the Hollingshead index is (7 x occupational score) + (4 x education score).

Accepted Answer

The weighting system in the Hollingshead index is (7 x occupational score) + (4 x education score).

Question 19

A social-class system is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A social-class system is characterized by the hierarchical division of society into groups that are relatively homogeneous in terms of attitudes, values, and lifestyles.

Question 20

A reputational approach to social class structure:

Accepted Answer

A reputational approach to social class structure is designed to reflect popular imagery and observation of how people interact with one another, focusing on how individuals are perceived by others in society based on various social factors.

Quiz 16: Culture and Cross-Cultural Variations in Consumer Behaviour

Which of the following is not an achievement-based status dimension?

Occupation is the most widely used single-item index in marketing studies.

The lower, or working, class accounts for over half of the Australian population.

For a social class to be exhaustive it is necessary that:

Warner's index uses occupation, income level, house type and dwelling area as key socioeconomic indicators.

Education has served as the primary path for upward social mobility.

For a social class to be bounded it is necessary that:

For a social class to be influential there must be behavioural variations within a class.

The social-class system is defined as the arbitrary division of society into permanent, heterogeneous groups with respect to social power.

The more consistent an individual is on all status dimensions:

For a social class to be mutually exclusive it is necessary that:

For a social class to be ordered individuals can only belong to a single social class.

The functional approach to social class categorisation is based on:

For a social class to be bounded there must be clear breaks between each social class.

For a social-class system to exist in a society the classes must meet all of the following criteria except:

Warner's system is based on socioeconomic factors.

Status crystallisation involves:

The weighting system in the Hollingshead index is (7 x occupational score) + (4 x education score).

A social-class system is defined as:

A reputational approach to social class structure: