An important condition for establishing causation is covariation. This is:
A) a statistical measure of the magnitude of the difference between comparison groups.
B) the degree to which a study parallels the real world.
C) the degree to which researchers can rule out other possible causal explanations for an observed relationship.
D) when changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Covariation refers to the idea that changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable. This is an important condition for establishing causation, as it suggests that there is a relationship between the two variables that could potentially be causal in nature. However, covariation alone is not sufficient to establish causation, as there may be other possible causal explanations for the observed relationship.

An Important Condition for Establishing Causation Is Covariation