Question 1

About 10 percent of adults in Great Britain and the United States are _____.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that "About 10 percent of adults in Great Britain and the United States are left-handed." Therefore, option A (left-handed) is the correct answer.

Question 2

Lateralization is also called "______."

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the concept of brain functions being specialized to one side of the brain or the other, also known as sidedness. Myelination refers to the process of forming a myelin sheath around nerve fibers, white matter refers to the pale-colored tissue in the brain and spinal cord that consists of myelinated nerve fibers, and reverse specialization is not a commonly used term in neuroscience.

Question 3

The part of the brain that specializes in logical reasoning, detailed analysis, and the basics of language is the ___.

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and language processing. It is also known as the dominant hemisphere for language in most individuals. The right hemisphere, on the other hand, is more specialized in processing emotions, spatial awareness, and visual imagery. The amygdala is involved in emotional processing and response, while the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating basic physiological functions such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

Question 4

Which of the following accurately explains the difference between the brains of Tarik, a 2-year-old, and Jim, his father?

Accepted Answer

The brains of 2-year-olds are typically about 75% of the size of adult brains, so Tarik's brain would be smaller than Jim's. The other answer choices are not accurate generalizations about the difference between the brains of a child and an adult.

Question 5

The specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called "_____."

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain. This means that certain cognitive functions or tasks are usually associated with specific brain regions in one hemisphere of the brain. For example, the left hemisphere is often specialized for language processing, while the right hemisphere is more involved in spatial tasks.

Question 6

Jon is able to play "Go Fish," a card game that requires quick thinking. What brain change most directly supports his ability to think quickly?

Accepted Answer

Myelination increases the speed of neural transmission, which directly supports quick thinking.

Question 7

Myelination is important because it _____.

Accepted Answer

Myelination is the process of forming a fatty coating around nerve fibers, which speeds up the transmission of neural impulses. This is important for efficient communication between different parts of the brain and body.

Question 8

A 2-year-old human's brain is _____ percent of the adult brain's weight.

Accepted Answer

A 2-year-old human's brain is approximately 75% of the adult brain's weight. This is because the brain grows rapidly during the first two years of life, and continues to develop until adulthood.

Question 9

The ability to play "Simon Says" successfully appears to be directly related to the development of the _____ cortex.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functioning, including working memory, attention, and decision-making. These skills are important for following the instructions of "Simon Says." The parietal cortex is responsible for processing sensory information and the striate cortex for visual processing, which are not as directly related to the game of "Simon Says." The posterior cortex is a general term that could refer to several areas of the brain and is not specific enough to be the correct answer.

Question 10

Elise is beginning to learn how to write. She can hold a pencil in one hand and steady the paper with her other hand. This new ability to coordinate the duties of her right and left hands is likely due to _____.

Accepted Answer

The growth of the corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain and allows for better coordination between the right and left hands.

Question 11

A disorder that research has suggested may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is _____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that abnormal development of the corpus callosum, which is responsible for connecting the two hemispheres of the brain, may play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 12

The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called "_____."

Accepted Answer

Myelination is the process through which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses. This process is essential for efficient communication between neurons, allowing for faster and more accurate processing of information.

Question 13

_____ is an advantage in some professions, including those involving creativity and split-second actions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is an advantage in some professions,...

Question 14

The rates of left-handedness in the United States and Great Britain have ____ since 1900.

Accepted Answer

The rates of left-handedness in the United States and Great Britain have increased since 1900, likely due to reduced societal pressure to conform to right-handedness and better understanding and acceptance of left-handed individuals.

Question 15

Regis, a 6-year-old, can correctly name objects, catch a ball and throw it, and write his ABCs in proper sequence. His younger brother Mark is much less speedy and skillful in all of these areas. What is the best explanation for Regis's superior performance?

Accepted Answer

Myelination is the process of forming a myelin sheath around the axons of neurons, which speeds up neural transmission. As Regis is more speedy and skillful in naming objects, catching a ball and throwing it, and writing his ABCs in proper sequence, it can be assumed that his brain has experienced greater myelination than Mark's, which can result in superior performance.

Question 16

The left side of the brain notices _____, while the right side grasps _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The left side of the brain notices...

Question 17

Kayla, age 4, has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. This improvement can be attributed to _____.

Accepted Answer

The growth of the corpus callosum, a band of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, is important for coordinating the two sides of the body. As the corpus callosum develops and strengthens, it allows for better communication and coordination between the left and right sides of the brain and body.

Question 18

According to your text, some researchers believe that autism spectrum disorder may be due to _____.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, some researchers believe that autism spectrum disorder may be due to abnormal development of the corpus callosum.

Question 19

The ability to generate several thoughts in rapid succession is most specifically related to _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to generate several thoughts in...

Question 20

The long band of nerve fibers that connects the brain's hemispheres is _____.

Accepted Answer

The long band of nerve fibers that connects the brain's hemispheres is the corpus callosum. Myelination refers to the process of coating nerve axons with myelin to improve signal transmission. The prefrontal cortex is a region of the brain responsible for planning, decision-making, and self-control. The term "axon cord" is not a commonly used term in neuroanatomy.

Quiz 8: Early Childhood: Biosocial Development