Question 1

Dr. Marquette is a researcher who studies the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information throughout life. Which approach to cognitive development does she take?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Marquette's focus on encoding, storage, and retrieval of information aligns with the information-processing approach to cognitive development.

Question 2

The psychometric approach to studying cognitive development analyzes intelligence using _____.

Accepted Answer

The psychometric approach uses intelligence tests to measure and analyze cognitive development.

Question 3

Education, specific dilemmas, and culture correlate less strongly than gender with whether a person's moral judgments emphasize relationships or absolutes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Education, specific dilemmas, and culture correlate less...

Question 4

About two-thirds of U.S. students take out loans to help pay for college.

Accepted Answer

According to a report by the Institute for College Access & Success, about two-thirds of U.S. college graduates in 2018 had student loan debt.

Question 5

There is less diversity among students on college campuses today than there was in 1970.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics, there is actually more diversity among college students today than in 1970. In 1970, 82% of college students were white, while in 2018, that number was down to 54%. Additionally, there has been an increase in the number of students who identify as Hispanic or Latino, Asian, Black or African American, and those who identify as two or more races.

Question 6

As students progress through college, they usually are more able to see multiple perspectives.

Accepted Answer

This is generally true as students are exposed to diverse ideas and viewpoints in college, which encourages them to think critically and develop a broader understanding of different perspectives.

Question 7

When compared with earlier cognition, thinking in adulthood is all the following EXCEPT more _____.

Accepted Answer

Thinking in adulthood is generally considered to be more practical, flexible, and dialectical than earlier cognition. However, it is typically less concrete because adults have a greater capacity for abstract reasoning and can think more beyond the immediate sensory experience.

Question 8

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is "_____ thought."

Accepted Answer

Postformal thinking goes beyond abstract or logical thinking that characterizes previous stages of cognitive development. It involves the ability to cope with inconsistencies, paradoxes, uncertainties, and other complexities of adult life through dialectical thinking, relativistic thinking, pragmatic thinking, and reflective thinking. It also involves the integration of emotion, intuition, values, and context in problem-solving and decision-making. While not all adults reach this stage, postformal thinking is considered a potential achievement of cognitive development beyond adolescence.

Question 9

Due to their skepticism, college graduates tend to think more narrowly and rigidly than those who did not attend college.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not necessarily true. While college graduates may approach certain situations with a more critical and analytical mindset, it does not mean they think more narrowly or rigidly overall. In fact, a college education can often expose individuals to a wider range of perspectives and ideas, which can lead to more open-minded thinking.

Question 10

Being exposed to a diverse array of people in college likely contributes to deeper thought and intellectual challenge.

Accepted Answer

Being exposed to people from different backgrounds, cultures, and experiences can broaden one's perspective and also challenge their own beliefs and assumptions. This can lead to deeper critical thinking and intellectual growth.

Question 11

Most U.S. college students attend publicly sponsored institutions.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, approximately 76% of undergraduate students attend public institutions (as of fall 2019).

Question 12

The approach to studying cognitive development that explores how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information is the "_____ approach."

Accepted Answer

The information-processing approach focuses on the neurological processes involved in cognition, including how the brain handles information. The other choices do not specifically address this aspect of cognitive development.

Question 13

On his own time, Ron looks over his course syllabi for the term and realizes that, in three weeks, he has three assignments due on one day. Ron decides he will do one assignment per week for the next three weeks so that he will have them all done by their due dates. Ron is demonstrating _____ thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On his own time, Ron looks over...

Question 14

Students from all backgrounds learn more if they involve themselves in the campus community.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that students who actively participate in campus activities and organizations tend to have higher academic achievement, better social skills, and a greater sense of belonging and connection to their institution. Engaging in the campus community can also provide opportunities for networking, leadership development, and personal growth. Therefore, it is true that students from all backgrounds learn more if they involve themselves in the campus community.

Question 15

The number of students in college is decreasing in every nation in the world; this phenomenon is known as "massification."

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The number of students in college is actually increasing in many nations around the world, especially in developing countries. Massification refers to the trend of higher education becoming more accessible and widely available to the population.

Question 16

After Brenda finished college, began working in her chosen field, and started a family, her thinking became _____.

Accepted Answer

As Brenda began working in her chosen field and started a family, her thinking likely became more practical as she had to balance work and family responsibilities and make practical decisions in both aspects of her life.

Question 17

According to current research, college students are more concerned with getting a well-rounded education than with being able to find a good-paying job upon graduation.

Accepted Answer

Current research often indicates that college students prioritize finding a good-paying job upon graduation over obtaining a well-rounded education, due to economic pressures and student loan concerns.

Question 18

Students who are about to graduate from college are likely to believe that there are clear and absolute truths to discover.

Accepted Answer

Many students, especially those about to graduate from college, have been exposed to a variety of perspectives and disciplines that often emphasize the complexity and nuance of knowledge, leading them to understand that truths can be relative and subject to interpretation rather than clear and absolute.

Question 19

One reason other nations have greater massification than the United States in the twenty-first century is that most other nations increased public funding for tertiary education, while the United States decreased it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by research that shows that many other nations have increased public funding for tertiary education, while the United States has decreased its funding in recent years. This has contributed to lower levels of massification in the United States compared to other nations.

Question 20

Every year of college appears to improve cognitive abilities.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that college education can improve cognitive abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills, and increase knowledge in specific areas of study. As students progress through their years in college, they have more opportunities to develop these skills and acquire advanced knowledge, leading to further improvement in cognitive abilities. However, this improvement may also depend on various factors such as the quality of education, motivation, and individual differences in learning abilities.

Quiz 18: Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development