Both normative social influence and informational social influence can contribute to the bystander effect, especially in ambiguous situations.

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Normative social influence occurs when people conform to social norms, such as the bystander effect, in order to fit in or avoid disapproval. Informational social influence, on the other hand, occurs when people look to others for guidance on how to act in uncertain situations. Both types of social influence can contribute to the bystander effect in ambiguous situations. People may not want to be the first one to act if they are unsure if the situation warrants intervention, and they may also look to others for cues on how to respond, even if those cues are incorrect.

Both Normative Social Influence and Informational Social Influence Can Contribute