What Is the "Primal Paradigm" in Relation to Violence

What is the "primal paradigm" in relation to violence?

A) Societies without centralized control have an inability to stop violence once it has begun,and therefore primal aggression is more predominant in their cultural practices.
B) When a society lacks mechanisms for sharing resources equally,that society will have an increased propensity for violence.
C) Once violence is allowed as a means of domination against one group,it can serve as a model for dominance and violence against other groups.
D) Primal instincts for violence are always under the surface and are more likely to be present in societies when there is a preference for aggressive sports as a replacement for warfare.