Question 1

Bronchiolar constriction is most likely to cause
A) pneumothorax.
B) pulmonary edema.
C) wheezing.
D) laryngitis.

Accepted Answer

Bronchoconstriction narrows the breathing passages (especially the bronchioles),which causes wheezing (the noise air makes as it flows through narrowed tubes).

Question 2

Which of the following is the dome-shaped muscle that is the chief muscle of inhalation?
A) diaphragm
B) epiglottis
C) mediastinum
D) pericardium

Accepted Answer

The chief muscle of inspiration (inhalation)is the diaphragm;contraction increases thoracic volume,causing air to move into the lungs.

Question 3

When the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax,
A) air moves out of the lungs.
B) inhalation occurs.
C) ventilation ceases.
D) chest volume increases.

Accepted Answer

When the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax,thoracic volume decreases and forces air out of the lungs (exhalation).

Question 4

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the
A) bronchioles.
B) trachea.
C) pulmonary capillaries.
D) eustachian tube.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses across the pulmonary capillary/alveolar membrane (from the alveoli into the blood within the pulmonary capillaries).

Question 5

These respiratory tubes are primarily composed of smooth muscle and determine the flow of air to the alveoli.
A) trachea
B) bronchi
C) bronchioles
D) nares

Accepted Answer

The bronchioles are composed largely of smooth muscle;the muscle contracts and relaxes,thereby determining bronchiolar diameter and airflow.Bronchoconstriction causes wheezing.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes eupnea?
A) Kussmaul respirations
B) vital capacity
C) normal,quiet breathing
D) hypoxemia

Accepted Answer

Eupnea means normal,quiet breathing (as during rest).

Question 7

Frontal,maxillary,sphenoidal,and ethmoidal
A) refer to the bones of the thorax.
B) are saliva-secreting glands.
C) are paranasal sinuses.
D) are lined with serous membrane.

Accepted Answer

These are paranasal sinuses located in the skull.The sinuses are lined with mucous membrane.

Question 8

The Adam's apple is
A) cartilage.
B) the epiglottis.
C) the primary site of gas exchange.
D) the pharynx.

Accepted Answer

The Adam's apple is made of cartilage;it is larger in the male and can be observed in the neck during swallowing.

Question 9

The respiratory passages are lined with
A) pleura.
B) mucous membrane.
C) serous membrane.
D) muscle.

Accepted Answer

The respiratory passages are lined with mucous membrane.The pleura are serous membranes located within the thoracic cavity.

Question 10

This structure is called the windpipe and is supported by rings of cartilage.
A) bronchus
B) alveolus
C) pharynx
D) trachea

Accepted Answer

The trachea is called the windpipe because it conducts air ("wind")into the lungs.It contains rings of cartilage that prevent the collapse of the trachea.

Question 11

The pleural membranes
A) line the respiratory passages.
B) form the bronchioles.
C) are serous membranes.
D) are confined to the mediastinum.

Accepted Answer

The pleural membranes are serous membranes located within the thoracic cavity (not confined to the mediastinum).The respiratory passages are lined with mucous membrane.

Question 12

The lungs are located within the
A) mediastinum.
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B) dorsal cavity.
C) spinal cavity.
D) thoracic cavity.

Accepted Answer

The lungs are located within the thoracic cavity.The mediastinum,also located within the thoracic cavity,contains the heart (but not the lungs).

Question 13

This nerve innervates the diaphragm.
A) intercostal nerve
B) sciatic
C) phrenic
D) cranial nerve XI

Accepted Answer

The phrenic nerve is a somatic motor neuron that innervates the diaphragm.Firing of the phrenic nerve causes the diaphragm to contract,thereby enlarging the thoracic cavity and causing inhalation.

Question 14

The trachea branches into the right and left
A) alveoli.
B) bronchi.
C) nares.
D) pulmonary arteries.

Accepted Answer

The trachea branches into the right and left bronchi.

Question 15

Most oxygen is transported through the blood
A) attached to hemoglobin.
B) as bicarbonate.
C) as surfactant.
D) as lysozyme.

Accepted Answer

Most oxygen is transported through the blood attached to the iron in hemoglobin.Most carbon dioxide is transported by bicarbonate.

Question 16

Dyspnea means
A) "puffed up" alveoli.
B) pneumonia.
C) cyanosis.
D) difficulty breathing.

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea means difficulty in breathing;it is characteristic of many respiratory disorders.

Question 17

Contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
A) stimulates the phrenic and intercostal nerves.
B) decreases thoracic volume.
C) causes air to move out of the lungs.
D) is responsible for inhalation.

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increases thoracic volume,as in inhalation.The muscles are innervated by the phrenic and intercostal nerves.

Question 18

The diaphragm
A) is smooth muscle that forms the bronchioles.
B) is skeletal muscle.
C) contracts in response to the firing of the vagus nerve.
D) forms the outer lining of the lungs.

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm is skeletal muscle;it must be innervated by a somatic motor neuron such as the phrenic nerve (not the vagus nerve).

Question 19

These respiratory muscles are located between the ribs.
A) diaphragm
B) bronchiolar smooth muscle
C) intercostals
D) sternocleidomastoids

Accepted Answer

The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs.When contracted,they increase the volume of the thoracic cavity (as in inhalation).

Question 20

Stimulation of the phrenic and intercostal nerves causes the release of this neurotransmitter into the neuromuscular junction.
A) adrenaline
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) myosin

Accepted Answer

The phrenic and intercostal nerves are somatic motor neurons and are therefore cholinergic,meaning that they secrete acetylcholine (ACh)as their neurotransmitter.

Quiz 22: Respiratory System

Bronchiolar constriction is most likely to cause

Which of the following is the dome-shaped muscle that is the chief muscle of inhalation?

When the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax,

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the

These respiratory tubes are primarily composed of smooth muscle and determine the flow of air to the alveoli.

Which of the following best describes eupnea?

Frontal,maxillary,sphenoidal,and ethmoidal

The Adam's apple is

The respiratory passages are lined with

This structure is called the windpipe and is supported by rings of cartilage.

The pleural membranes

The lungs are located within the

This nerve innervates the diaphragm.

The trachea branches into the right and left

Most oxygen is transported through the blood

Dyspnea means

Contraction of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

The diaphragm

These respiratory muscles are located between the ribs.

Stimulation of the phrenic and intercostal nerves causes the release of this neurotransmitter into the neuromuscular junction.