Question 1

A nurse is drawing blood from a patient for the Kleihauer-Betke test.This test is indicated for assessing the occurrence and extent of which of the following?
A)Cerebrovascular accident
B)Fetal-maternal hemorrhage
C)Myocardial infarction
D)Trauma to the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

The Kleihauer-Betke test is used to assess the occurrence and extent of fetal-maternal hemorrhage, which can occur during pregnancy and childbirth. It helps to determine if there has been a significant amount of fetal blood transfer into the maternal circulation, which can lead to fetal anemia and potentially harm the baby.

Question 2

A nurse is collecting a stool sample to be examined for the presence of pinworms.How should the nurse collect this specimen?
A)Have the patient defecate directly into the collection container.
B)Have the patient defecate into a bedpan and transfer the specimen into the collection container using a tongue depressor.
C)Press a small paddle with a piece of cellophane tape against the perianal area.
D)Insert a cotton-tipped swab just inside the rectum.

Accepted Answer

Pinworm eggs attach themselves to the perianal area, so the most effective method of collecting a stool specimen for pinworm examination is to press a small paddle against the perianal area using a piece of cellophane tape and then affix the tape to a slide or collection container. Having the patient defecate into a container or bedpan is not the best method for collecting a pinworm sample because pinworm eggs are usually not found in the stool. Inserting a cotton swab into the rectum also does not provide an effective sample for pinworm examination.

Question 3

A nurse is assisting with a peritoneal fluid analysis procedure.The nurse understands that no more than 1,500 to 2,000 mL of fluid should be removed at a time.The proper rationale for this guideline is prevention of which of the following?
A)Hypertensive crisis
B)Hypovolemia and shock
C)Electrolyte imbalance
D)Dehydration

Accepted Answer

Removing more than 1,500 to 2,000 mL of peritoneal fluid at a time can lead to hypovolemia and shock, as the fluid is important for maintaining the volume and pressure of the blood. This can result in decreased organ perfusion and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is important to remove fluid gradually and monitor the patient's fluid and electrolyte levels to prevent these complications. Hypertensive crisis, electrolyte imbalance, and dehydration are not directly related to the amount of fluid removed during a peritoneal fluid analysis.

Question 4

A patient is suspected of having fifth disease.Which test would be appropriate for confirming this suspicion?
A)Pachymetry
B)Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C)Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D)Parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin G and M antibodies

Accepted Answer

The appropriate test for confirming suspicion of fifth disease is Parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin G and M antibodies. Fifth disease is caused by the human parvovirus B19 and the presence of immunoglobulin G and M antibodies against this virus in the patient's blood indicates recent or past infection. Pachymetry is a test used to measure corneal thickness, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a test used to assess parathyroid function, and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a blood test used to evaluate the blood clotting process. None of these tests would confirm suspicion of fifth disease.

Question 5

A nurse is preparing a patient to undergo myocardial infarct scanning.The IV radionuclide has just been administered.How long should the health-care team wait before proceeding with the heart scans?
A)20 to 30 minutes
B)2 to 4 hours
C)8 to 10 hours
D)24 hours

Accepted Answer

For myocardial infarct scanning using IV radionuclide, the typical waiting period before proceeding with heart scans is 2 to 4 hours. This allows enough time for the radionuclide to circulate and localize in the heart tissue, providing clearer images of the heart's structure and function.

Question 6

A patient with a bacterial infection needs to undergo testing to identify the microorganism and determine the risk for developing sepsis.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?
A)Prealbumin
B)Potassium, urine
C)Procalcitonin
D)Progesterone

Accepted Answer

Procalcitonin is a biomarker that is specifically elevated in bacterial infections and can help identify the microorganism causing the infection. It can also help in determining the risk for developing sepsis. Prealbumin and progesterone are not specific to bacterial infections, and potassium levels in urine are not typically used in the diagnosis of infections.

Question 7

A patient with a history of heart attack presents with complaints of chest pain.An electrocardiogram shows abnormal results, but cardiac enzyme levels are normal.The nurse should prepare the patient for which of the following diagnostic tests, which can determine whether the patient has actually experienced a recent heart attack?
A)Mediastinoscopy
B)Myocardial infarct scan
C)Meckel's diverticulum scan
D)Chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Accepted Answer

A myocardial infarct scan (also known as a nuclear stress test or a myocardial perfusion scan) can determine whether the patient has recently experienced a heart attack, even if cardiac enzyme levels are normal. Mediastinoscopy, Meckel's diverticulum scan, and chest MRI are not typically used to diagnose heart attacks.

Question 8

A patient with diabetes needs to undergo screening to assess for early signs of renal disease.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?
A)Magnesium
B)Methemoglobin
C)Microalbumin
D)Myoglobin

Accepted Answer

Microalbumin testing is used to detect small amounts of albumin in the urine, which can be an early sign of kidney damage in patients with diabetes. Magnesium is not specific for renal disease and is not commonly used as a screening test for kidney function. Methemoglobin and myoglobin testing are not relevant to renal disease screening.

Question 9

Because of this trace mineral's ability to decrease uptake of the radionuclide used in a parathyroid scan and thus interfere with the test's results, the nurse should advise the patient to avoid foods containing which of the following before the scan?
A)Iron
B)Iodine
C)Copper
D)Zinc

Accepted Answer

Foods containing iodine can interfere with parathyroid scan results by decreasing uptake of the radionuclide used in the test. Therefore, the patient should avoid iodine-rich foods before the scan. Iron, copper, and zinc have no known effects on parathyroid imaging.

Question 10

A nurse is providing pretest teaching to a patient who will be undergoing positron emission tomography of the brain.The nurse should instruct the patient to restrict alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine-containing drinks for how many hours before the test?
A)8 hours
B)12 hours
C)24 hours
D)48 hours

Accepted Answer

The patient should restrict alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine-containing drinks at least 24 hours before the test. This is done to avoid any interference with the accuracy of the test results.

Question 11

A nurse is advising a 42-year-old woman who is healthy but at high risk for developing breast cancer regarding the importance of screening.Which of the following should the nurse recommend, based on guidelines of the American Cancer Society (ACS)?
A)Mammogram every 3 years
B)Annual mammogram
C)Annual mammogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D)An MRIC every 2 years

Accepted Answer

Annual mammogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are recommended for women at high risk for breast cancer, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS).

Question 12

A patient's laboratory test results indicate prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, which represents the time required for formation of a firm fibrin clot.In this case, the health-care provider suspects a vitamin deficiency may be contributing to this finding.The nurse knows that deficiency in which of the following vitamins is associated with this finding?
A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Accepted Answer

Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a sign of bleeding tendency due to inadequate clotting factor II, VII, IX, and X. Vitamin K deficiency can result in inadequate production and utilization of these clotting factors, leading to prolonged aPTT. Therefore, deficiency in vitamin K is associated with this finding. Vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy, vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets, and vitamin E deficiency can cause neurological problems and anemia but do not affect clotting time.

Question 13

A patient is suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation.Which test would be appropriate for confirming this suspicion?
A)Pachymetry
B)Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C)Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D)Parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin G and M antibodies

Accepted Answer

Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a test specifically used to evaluate the coagulation system and is often employed to assess patients suspected for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Pachymetry is a test for measuring corneal thickness, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone used to regulate calcium in the body, and testing for parvovirus B19 antibodies is not specific for DIC confirmation.

Question 14

A patient is preparing to undergo a lung perfusion scan.The nurse is aware that this test is most useful in diagnosing which of the following conditions?
A)Pulmonary embolism
B)Asthma
C)Bronchitis
D)Pneumonia

Accepted Answer

Lung perfusion scan is most useful in diagnosing pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage of one or more arteries in the lungs. This test can detect the obstruction of blood flow to the lungs and help diagnose the condition. It is less useful in diagnosing Asthma, Bronchitis, and Pneumonia.

Question 15

A patient who recently experienced a myocardial infarction needs to undergo testing to assess the damage done to the cardiac muscle.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?
A)Magnesium
B)Methemoglobin
C)Microalbumin
D)Myoglobin

Accepted Answer

Myoglobin is a protein that is released into the bloodstream when there is damage done to the cardiac muscle. Elevated levels of myoglobin in the blood can indicate a myocardial infarction. Magnesium, methemoglobin, and microalbumin are not typically used to assess cardiac muscle damage.

Question 16

A nurse is preparing a patient for imaging of the arteries to visualize and assess blood flow.The nurse explains that this form of imaging does not involve radiation exposure and is considered safer than other imaging methods.Which type of imaging is this most likely to be?
A)Computed tomography (CT)
B)Radiography
C)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D)Nuclear medicine

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not involve radiation exposure and is considered safer than other imaging methods typically used to visualize and assess blood flow, such as CT or nuclear medicine.

Question 17

A patient has undergone pleural fluid analysis, and the results include a pH level of 6.0 and elevated amylase.Which of the following conditions should the nurse most suspect?
A)Esophageal rupture
B)Hemothorax
C)Pleural malignancy
D)Pulmonary infarction

Accepted Answer

A pH level of 6.0 and elevated amylase are commonly seen in pleural fluid analysis in cases of esophageal rupture, also known as Boerhaave syndrome. Hemothorax, pleural malignancy, and pulmonary infarction would not typically present with such results.

Question 18

A patient is suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation.Which test would be appropriate for confirming this suspicion?
A)Plasminogen
B)Platelet antibodies
C)Phosphorus
D)Porphyrins

Accepted Answer

Plasminogen levels are relevant in the context of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) because decreased levels can indicate increased fibrinolysis, which is a hallmark of DIC.

Question 19

A patient is preparing to undergo positron emission tomography (PET)of the brain for preoperative evaluation of tumors.The nurse should expect that which of the following contrast media will most likely be used for this test, given its role as a glucose analogue with little localization in normal tissue?
A)Technetium-99m (Tc-99m)pertechnetate
B)Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
C)Iodine-123
D)Thallium

Accepted Answer

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the contrast media used in PET scans for brain tumors as it has similar properties to glucose and is taken up by cancerous cells, allowing for better visualization of tumors. It has little localization in normal tissue, which enhances the contrast of the tumor image.

Question 20

A patient's liver and spleen scan was negative for any abnormal findings.However, the nurse understands that a false-negative finding would be likely for a tumor, cyst, or abscess smaller than which of the following?
A)2 cm
B)4 cm
C)6 cm
D)8 cm

Accepted Answer

Tumors, cysts, or abscesses smaller than 2 cm are often not detected on liver and spleen scans, leading to a higher likelihood of false-negative findings for smaller lesions.

Quiz 5: System Tables

A nurse is drawing blood from a patient for the Kleihauer-Betke test.This test is indicated for assessing the occurrence and extent of which of the following?

A nurse is collecting a stool sample to be examined for the presence of pinworms.How should the nurse collect this specimen?

A nurse is assisting with a peritoneal fluid analysis procedure.The nurse understands that no more than 1,500 to 2,000 mL of fluid should be removed at a time.The proper rationale for this guideline is prevention of which of the following?

A patient is suspected of having fifth disease.Which test would be appropriate for confirming this suspicion?

A nurse is preparing a patient to undergo myocardial infarct scanning.The IV radionuclide has just been administered.How long should the health-care team wait before proceeding with the heart scans?

A patient with a bacterial infection needs to undergo testing to identify the microorganism and determine the risk for developing sepsis.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?

A patient with diabetes needs to undergo screening to assess for early signs of renal disease.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?

Because of this trace mineral's ability to decrease uptake of the radionuclide used in a parathyroid scan and thus interfere with the test's results, the nurse should advise the patient to avoid foods containing which of the following before the scan?

A nurse is providing pretest teaching to a patient who will be undergoing positron emission tomography of the brain.The nurse should instruct the patient to restrict alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine-containing drinks for how many hours before the test?

A nurse is advising a 42-year-old woman who is healthy but at high risk for developing breast cancer regarding the importance of screening.Which of the following should the nurse recommend, based on guidelines of the American Cancer Society (ACS) ?

A patient is suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation.Which test would be appropriate for confirming this suspicion?

A patient is preparing to undergo a lung perfusion scan.The nurse is aware that this test is most useful in diagnosing which of the following conditions?

A patient who recently experienced a myocardial infarction needs to undergo testing to assess the damage done to the cardiac muscle.Which test would be most appropriate for this purpose?

A nurse is preparing a patient for imaging of the arteries to visualize and assess blood flow.The nurse explains that this form of imaging does not involve radiation exposure and is considered safer than other imaging methods.Which type of imaging is this most likely to be?

A patient has undergone pleural fluid analysis, and the results include a pH level of 6.0 and elevated amylase.Which of the following conditions should the nurse most suspect?

A patient is suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation.Which test would be appropriate for confirming this suspicion?

A patient's liver and spleen scan was negative for any abnormal findings.However, the nurse understands that a false-negative finding would be likely for a tumor, cyst, or abscess smaller than which of the following?