Question 1

According to Messerschmidt, while masculinity and femininity are fluid concepts, he sees crime as:

Accepted Answer

Messerschmidt sees crime as a structured action, meaning that it is shaped by societal structures and expectations. He argues that masculinity and femininity are fluid concepts, but crime is a result of how society constructs and values gendered behavior.

Question 2

Traditional male-centered approaches to studying crime are called ___________ .

Accepted Answer

Androcentric.

Question 3

Traditional male-centered approaches to studying crime are called:

Accepted Answer

Traditional male-centered approaches to studying crime focus solely on male perpetrators and often ignore or marginalize female victims and offenders. This approach is called androcentric, meaning that it centers on men's experiences and perspectives. The other choices are not as accurate as A) because paternalistic implies a benevolent but controlling attitude towards women, sexist implies outright discrimination based on gender, and revisionist implies a more progressive and inclusive approach to studying crime.

Question 4

According to power-control theory, a more egalitarian family will produce relations that discourage sons and daughters from participating in delinquency

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to power-control theory, a more egalitarian...

Question 5

The theory based on the book Sisters in Crime that relies on the power of the women's liberation movement was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Freda Adler proposed the theory based on the book "Sisters in Crime" that relies on the power of the women's liberation movement, suggesting that as women's liberation movement gained momentum, women would become more likely to commit crimes traditionally dominated by men.

Question 6

One of the primary goals of the feminist agenda is to ___________scholars to the neglect of women in the field.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the primary goals of the...

Question 7

Differential treatment that has historically seemed to benefit women when it comes to processing and sentencing in the criminal justice system is known as ______________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differential treatment that has historically seemed to...

Question 8

The liberation and opportunity perspective argues that as the gender gap narrows, the behavior of men and women will become more different.

Accepted Answer

The liberation and opportunity perspective suggests that as gender gaps narrow and women gain more opportunities, men and women will become more similar in their behavior, as gender expectations and norms become less strict and constraining. This view highlights the importance of social and structural changes to promote gender equality and reduce gender-based discrimination and inequality.

Question 9

The theory that partially explains delinquency by the fact that power relationships in the workplace are reflected in the family is:

Accepted Answer

The theory that suggests that power relationships in the workplace are reflected in the family is the power-control theory. It explains that differences in delinquency rates between genders are related to differences in parental control and opportunities for deviance in the workplace.

Question 10

The perspective that identifies the oppression of women both for labor and sexuality as a symptom of the patriarchal capitalist system is called ____________ feminism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The perspective that identifies the oppression of...

Question 11

The feminist perspective that argues that as the roles of women and men become similar in terms of power and public influence and women gain equality in the work force, there will be a likely increase in female crime rates is the:

Accepted Answer

Liberal feminism argues for equality between the sexes through political and legal reform. It posits that as women's roles become more similar to men's in terms of power, influence, and economic participation, disparities in crime rates between genders would decrease, potentially leading to an increase in female crime rates as a result of equal opportunities and similar social pressures.

Question 12

Which of the gender-based perspectives below would attribute female crime to women's potential threat to the sexual division of labor?

Accepted Answer

Marxist feminism argues that women's crime is a result of their potential threat to the sexual division of labor.

Question 13

If the criminal justice system were to reduce its practice of chivalry, there would be the false perception that female criminality is increasing.

Accepted Answer

Chivalry refers to a set of behaviors and attitudes that are expected of men towards women, including protecting and being lenient towards them. If the criminal justice system were to reduce its practice of chivalry towards female offenders, they would be treated more equally to male offenders. This could result in the false perception that female criminality is increasing because more women may be getting arrested and convicted without the leniency they may have previously received.

Question 14

Central to Feinman and Naffine's concept of economic marginalization is the reality of :

Accepted Answer

Feinman and Naffine's concept of economic marginalization is centered around the idea of the "pink-collar ghetto," where women are concentrated in low-paying, feminized occupations such as caregiving, cleaning, and clerical work. This leads to economic inequality and marginalization, as these jobs typically have lower wages, lower social status, and fewer opportunities for advancement compared to traditionally male-dominated professions. Therefore, D is the best choice as it describes the central concept of the authors' idea.

Question 15

Radical feminists believe that women's liberation will increase female crime rates.

Accepted Answer

Radical feminists focus on addressing the roots of inequality and oppression that contribute to gender-based violence, including that experienced by women. They do not see an increase in female crime rates as a solution to such issues, but rather advocate for systemic change and empowerment of women.

Question 16

With respect to delinquency, the critical components of gender relations in the patriarchal family include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The birth order of boys and girls in the family is not a critical component of gender relations in the patriarchal family with respect to delinquency. The other options (B, C, and D) are all important factors that contribute to the development of delinquent behavior in both boys and girls. The way delinquency is defined, the amount and type of parental control, and gender preferences for risk-taking are all influenced by gender relations in the patriarchal family, which can perpetuate gender stereotypes and unequal power dynamics.

Question 17

The gender-based theory that reflects on roles in both the work world and the family is called _____________ theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gender-based theory that reflects on roles...

Question 18

On the whole, gender theories can be described as all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

None of the options seem to fit the description of "classical" gender theory. The other options all have some validity as descriptions of different approaches to gender theory.

Question 19

An equal rights amendment was passed by Congress but never ratified by the states.

Accepted Answer

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was passed by Congress in 1972 but was never ratified by the required number of states to become part of the Constitution. Only 35 of the necessary 38 states ratified the amendment before the deadline passed.

Question 20

The adoption of Safe Harbor Laws in the justice system of many states is said to represent a movement away from:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The adoption of Safe Harbor Laws in...

Quiz 10: Gender-Based Theories