Identify each boy's type of preoperational thought: (1) thinks his father made the moon; (2) believes his stuffed bear is alive; (3) thinks his sister turned into a boy when she got a haircut.

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- (1) Artificialism is the belief that natural phenomena are created by human beings. Thinking his father made the moon is an example of artificialism.- (2) Animism is the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action. Believing his stuffed bear is alive exemplifies animism.- (3) No identity constancy refers to the inability to understand that people or objects remain the same despite changes in appearance. Thinking his sister turned into a boy because of a haircut is an example of lacking identity constancy.

Identify Each Boy's Type of Preoperational Thought: (1) Thinks His