Question 1

When people are upset, they want their significant other close. According to attachment theory, this response indicates:
A) normal proximity-seeking behavior.
B) an emotional problem.
C) abnormal fear.
D) insecure attachment.

Accepted Answer

According to attachment theory, normal proximity-seeking behavior is a natural response when individuals are upset or distressed. It is a way of seeking comfort and security from a trusted attachment figure. Therefore, wanting their significant other close is a normal and healthy reaction to emotional distress.

Question 2

_____ is the term for arranging a child's environment to suit that person's unique strengths and weaknesses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the term for arranging a...

Question 3

In the United States, _____ have higher rates of poverty than any other age group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States, _____ have higher...

Question 4

Poor children tend to show chronically elevated levels of the stress hormone called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Poor children tend to show chronically elevated...

Question 5

Harlow's findings with motherless monkeys showed that physical contact (or love) is:
A) a basic human need.
B) an overrated human need.
C) less important than food.
D) important in other species, but not in our own.

Accepted Answer

Harlow's findings demonstrated that physical contact (or love) is a fundamental need not only in humans, but also in other species. The motherless monkeys that were given a surrogate mother made of wire did not develop normal social and cognitive abilities, which emphasized the importance of love and physical contact for healthy development.

Question 6

The risk of a child having enduring problems after being adopted from an Eastern European orphanage depends on the quality of the institution and the _____ of time the child lived in that setting before being adopted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The risk of a child having enduring...

Question 7

_____, or teaching toddlers to obey social norms, is a core goal of parenting during this stage of life.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____, or teaching toddlers to obey social...

Question 8

Day-care providers tend to earn _____ wages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Day-care providers tend to earn _____ wages....

Question 9

"Too much mother love during infancy produces whiny, dependent adults." This statement would MOST likely be made by a(n):
A) evolutionary psychologist.
B) old-style behaviorist.
C) Eriksonian theorist.
D) psychoanalyst.

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the old-style behaviorist belief that behavior is shaped by environmental factors, such as parenting practices, and that overindulgent parenting can lead to negative outcomes. Evolutionary psychologists would focus on the adaptive function of mother-infant attachment, Eriksonian theorists would emphasize the importance of the mother-infant relationship for psychosocial development, and psychoanalysts would be more concerned with unconscious conflicts and emotional dynamics in the mother-child relationship.

Question 10

If you have a shy toddler, the BEST approach is to gently expose that child to supportive _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you have a shy toddler, the...

Question 11

Attachment styles are MOST apt to change during development if a child is born with a(n) _____ genetic profile.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attachment styles are MOST apt to change...

Question 12

_____ care for a relatively large number of children in licensed facilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ care for a relatively large number...

Question 13

Sasha is a toddler. Sasha is _____.
A) 8 months old
B) 1 to 2  years old
C) 2  to 3 years old
D) 3 years old

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sasha is a toddler. Sasha is _____.
A)...

Question 14

_____ is a U.S. government-sponsored day-care program for disadvantaged children aged 3 to 5.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a U.S. government-sponsored day-care program...

Question 15

The quality of the child's caregiving _____ is the important environmental force in later development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The quality of the child's caregiving _____...

Question 16

According to Erikson, a toddler's task is to develop a sense of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erikson, a toddler's task is...

Question 17

Dr. Out-of-Date is an old-style behaviorist. How would he explain 1-year-old Ned's efforts to be close to his mother at all times?
A) "This child shares a unique emotional bond with his mother."
B) "Ned's behavior is being reinforced because his mother feeds him."
C) "Ned's behavior is irrational."
D) "The behavior of children is genetically programmed."

Accepted Answer

Dr. Out-of-Date is an old-style behaviorist who focuses on observable behaviors and their consequences. According to behaviorism, Ned's behavior of staying close to his mother is being reinforced because it results in access to food (i.e. milk). Therefore, the most likely explanation for Ned's behavior is that it is being positively reinforced by the mother's feeding.

Question 18

Which is a finding that helped Bowlby formulate attachment theory?
A) Monkeys raised with mothers were able to socially relate as adults.
B) Orphanage babies were extremely social.
C) Baby geese had a biologically programmed attachment response.
D) Babies love their mothers more than other people in their lives.

Accepted Answer

Bowlby was influenced by ethological studies, such as those by Konrad Lorenz, which showed that baby geese have an innate tendency to follow the first moving object they see, indicating a biologically programmed attachment response.

Question 19

Above all, day-care providers need to be _____ and child-centered.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Above all, day-care providers need to be...

Question 20

In dealing with a rambunctious toddler, parents need to foster an exceptionally strong and _____ attachment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In dealing with a rambunctious toddler, parents...

Quiz 4: Infancy: Socioemotional Development

When people are upset, they want their significant other close. According to attachment theory, this response indicates: