Dr. Ragan, is a social learning/cognitive behaviorist. Dr. Malesta is a traditional behaviorist. Both college counselors specialize in helping "at-risk" freshman who are currently doing very poorly in their current semester, succeed at school. Compare Dr. Ragan's and Dr. Malesta's treatment of the freshman.

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The Answer is Dr. Ragan would work to stimulate self-efficacy. He might explain how self-defeating perceptions are impairing student performance, point out their previous successes ("You did so well in high school"), and generally get his clients to believe "I can succeed if I work hard." Drawing on the concept of modeling, Dr. Ragan might bring a senior who did very poorly freshman year, but is about to graduate with honors to talk to his group.
Dr. Malesta, in contrast, might positively reinforce individual students for studying by having them complete charts spelling out how many hours they spent at the library, and then rewarding each person who increased his or her study time. He could give special individual prizes for bringing up grades on subsequent tests. If a particular group generally improved their grades at the end of the semester, they might celebrate by having a party.

Dr Ragan, Is a Social Learning/cognitive Behaviorist