Question 1

Who developed the theory of prejudice that addressed frustration levels and scapegoats?
A)Theodor Adorno
B)Talcott Parsons
C)John Dollard
D)Michael Burawoy

Accepted Answer

John Dollard developed the theory of prejudice that addressed frustration levels and scapegoats in the mid-1930s. His theory suggested that frustration levels and aggression could be redirected towards a scapegoat group, leading to prejudice and discrimination.

Question 2

Slavery and apartheid are both examples of the ways in which a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage. What do sociologists call this policy?
A)colonization
B)segregation
C)internal colonialism
D)assimilation

Accepted Answer

Sociologists refer to this policy as internal colonialism, which involves the exploitation of minority groups within a country or nation by the dominant group for economic gain. This term reflects the similarities between the historical practice of colonization and the exploitation of minority groups within a country, which often involves the exploitation of their labor and resources. Segregation and assimilation refer to other policies that may be used to oppress minority groups, but do not necessarily involve the economic exploitation of these groups by the dominant group.

Question 3

John recently received his semester grades and found that he had failed two courses. He says the reason he failed the two courses is that they were taught by female professors. John believes that women are really not smart enough to teach at the college level. In this example,the female professors are most likely ________.
A)scapegoats and being blamed for John's grades
B)being discriminatory toward John
C)not smart enough to teach in a college
D)prejudiced against John because he is male

Accepted Answer

John is scapegoating the female professors and blaming them for his poor grades, rather than taking responsibility for his own performance in the courses. He is making a generalized and sexist assumption that women are not smart enough to teach at the college level, which is both unfounded and discriminatory. The answer is not B, C, or D because there is no evidence to suggest that the female professors were discriminatory towards John, not smart enough to teach in a college, or prejudiced against him because he is male.

Question 4

The relocation of Native Americans to reservations and the transfer of Americans of Japanese descent to internment camps during World War II are examples of ________.
A)direct transfer
B)compartmentalization
C)internal colonization
D)segregation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relocation of Native Americans to reservations...

Question 5

Based on the most recent research,why are race and ethnicity often factors in medical decisions that favor treatment for white patients?
A)This is a matter of innate racism practiced by white physicians.
B)This is a factor transferred to all medical students as a part of their medical training.
C)White patients have a greater ability to pay for expensive tests.
D)Researchers do not know for sure why race and ethnicity are factors in medical decisions.

Accepted Answer

While there are many theories and potential factors at play, currently researchers do not have a definitive answer as to why race and ethnicity are factors in medical decisions that favor treatment for white patients.

Question 6

Under czarist Russia,daily living conditions for Jews were made so intolerable that millions chose to leave Russia and migrate to other countries. This is an example of ________.
A)departmentalization
B)subhumanization
C)indirect transfer
D)direct transfer

Accepted Answer

Indirect transfer refers to the use of harassment, discrimination, and other oppressive tactics to make living conditions so unbearable for a group that they are forced to leave their homes and migrate elsewhere. This is exactly what happened to Jews under czarist Russia, as their daily living conditions were made intolerable through discriminatory laws, violent pogroms, and economic oppression.

Question 7

What is the largest minority group in the United States today?
A)Latino American
B)African American
C)Asian American
D)Native American

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Latino American is the largest minority group in the United States, representing over 18% of the population. African Americans make up around 13%, Asian Americans around 6%, and Native Americans around 2% of the total population.

Question 8

When an executioner wears a hood he is separating his true identity (the man without a hood)from the one carrying out the execution. Such behavior is part of an effort to separate one's feelings from one's acts,called ________.
A)primogeniture
B)compurgation
C)selective perception
D)compartmentalization

Accepted Answer

The behavior of separating one's true identity from their actions is known as compartmentalization. Wearing a hood as an executioner is an example of this behavior, as it allows the individual to disconnect their personal feelings from their professional duties. Therefore, choice D, compartmentalization, best fits the given scenario.

Question 9

The group in society made up of the unemployed who can be put to work during times of high production and then laid off when they are no longer needed is called ________.
A)the reserve labor force
B)the underclass
C)the dual labor force
D)a back-up resource

Accepted Answer

The reserve labor force is a group of workers who are unemployed but available to work during times of high production. They are often called upon by employers to meet the demands of the labor market, but can be laid off when demand decreases. The other options, B) the underclass, C) the dual labor force, and D) a back-up resource, do not accurately describe this particular group of workers.

Question 10

In American history,who were the white ethnics?
A)They were immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.
B)They were colonists who settled in Canada.
C)They were colonists who left the original 13 colonies and moved westward prior to the establishment of the United States.
D)They were colonists loyal to England who did not support American independence.

Accepted Answer

White ethnics were immigrants from Europe who came to the United States in large numbers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were different from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants in terms of language, customs, and religion. Examples of white ethnic groups include Irish, Italian, Polish, and Jewish immigrants.

Question 11

Switzerland is made up of four separate ethnic groups that have kept their own languages but are peacefully united politically and economically. This pattern of intergroup relations is an example of ________.
A)permissible assimilation
B)multiculturalism
C)cultural adaptation
D)forced assimilation

Accepted Answer

Switzerland's pattern of intergroup relations is an example of multiculturalism, in which multiple ethnic groups maintain their unique cultural practices and identities while living together in a single society. This is different from assimilation, in which minority groups are expected to adopt the dominant culture, and forced assimilation, in which they are coerced to do so. Cultural adaptation refers to the ability of individuals or groups to modify their behaviors and practices in response to new cultural environments.

Question 12

To which ethnic heritage do more Caucasians in America trace their roots than any other?
A)English
B)French
C)German
D)Italian

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, German is the largest ancestry group reported by white Americans. As per the data collected in 2017, around 44 million people in the U.S. reported German ancestry.

Question 13

When the Native Americans were pacified by the military in the late 1800s,they were forced to learn the English language,dress like the white man,renounce their religion,and give up their customs. This was a classic example of ________.
A)forced assimilation
B)internal colonialism
C)racial subjugation
D)population transfer

Accepted Answer

Forced assimilation refers to the practice of requiring a group to adopt the culture and language of another group, often through coercion or force. This is exactly what happened to Native Americans in the late 1800s when they were forced to give up their language, religion, and customs and adopt those of the white colonizers. This practice was intended to eradicate Native American culture and replace it with that of the dominant group.

Question 14

What is the commonly-used definition of Chicano?
A)an illegal immigrant in the United States
B)an American from Mexico
C)an American citizen visiting Mexico
D)a Mexican who is part Native American and part Spanish

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the commonly-used definition of Chicano?
A)an...

Question 15

________ refers to seeing certain features of a situation while ignoring others,and the use of labels to group individual members as if they were all alike.
A)Blinded perception
B)Selective perception
C)Generalized vision
D)Discriminating vision

Accepted Answer

Selective perception refers to the tendency to focus on some aspects of a situation while ignoring others. This can result in a biased or incomplete understanding of the situation. In addition, selective perception can involve the use of labels or categories to group individuals, which can lead to stereotyping and discrimination. Blinded perception, generalized vision, and discriminating vision are not commonly used terms in psychology or social science.

Question 16

What is another name for multiculturalism?
A)compartmentalization
B)sublimation
C)pluralism
D)assimilation

Accepted Answer

Multiculturalism is the coexistence of different cultures in a society. Pluralism refers to the acceptance and celebration of diversity in society, which is another way of describing multiculturalism. Compartmentalization refers to the separation of different cultures, which is the opposite of multiculturalism. Sublimation refers to a psychological process of redirecting negative urges into positive behavior, which is not related to multiculturalism. Assimilation refers to the process of a minority group adopting the culture of the dominant group, which is also the opposite of multiculturalism.

Question 17

What is the Implicit Association Test?
A)It is a test of cultural intelligence.
B)It is a visual perception test that links race to desirable and undesirable words.
C)It measures the percentage of "white blood" in African Americans.
D)It is the instrument that differentiates between institutional and individual racism.

Accepted Answer

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a psychological tool designed to measure implicit biases, particularly related to race or ethnicity. It is a visual perception test that links race to desirable or undesirable words and allows researchers to measure the strength of a person's automatic association between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory. The test measures the speed of responses to combinations of categories (e.g., black + good or white + good) and tests for implicit bias by measuring the relative strength of associations between these categories.

Question 18

According to Adorno,a(n)________ is a person who is prejudiced,has deep respect for authority and is submissive to authority figures.
A)antisocial personality
B)authoritarian personality
C)scapegoat
D)psychosocial personality

Accepted Answer

Adorno's theory proposes that the authoritarian personality is characterized by a tendency to be prejudiced, to maintain strict adherence to conventional values, and to be submissive to authority figures. This type of personality is believed to be formed in childhood through strict upbringing, which creates a need for structure, order, and control in adulthood.

Question 19

What did Ezekiel suggest as the reason why some people are attracted to racist hate groups?
A)They have too much leisure time on their hands.
B)They developed group polarization at an early age.
C)Hate groups provide some people with a type of meaning in their lives.
D)Some people are bored and are drawn to risk-taking behavior.

Accepted Answer

Ezekiel suggested that hate groups provide some people with a type of meaning in their lives. This can be especially true for individuals who may be lacking a sense of purpose or direction, and who may be searching for a sense of belonging or community. Joining a hate group can provide these individuals with a way to feel like they are part of something larger than themselves, even if that group's beliefs are harmful and offensive.

Question 20

Pedro,a legal immigrant from Mexico,and George,a white male whose family has been in America for several generations,have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history,both men had good credit,and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ________ against Pedro.
A)individual prejudice
B)institutional prejudice
C)individual discrimination
D)institutional discrimination

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of institutional discrimination as it is the local bank's policies and procedures that have resulted in Pedro being denied a loan despite having a comparable credit history to George. It is not necessarily the result of personal prejudice or discrimination from any individuals.

Quiz 9: Race and Ethnicity

Who developed the theory of prejudice that addressed frustration levels and scapegoats?

Slavery and apartheid are both examples of the ways in which a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage. What do sociologists call this policy?

The relocation of Native Americans to reservations and the transfer of Americans of Japanese descent to internment camps during World War II are examples of ________.

Based on the most recent research,why are race and ethnicity often factors in medical decisions that favor treatment for white patients?

Under czarist Russia,daily living conditions for Jews were made so intolerable that millions chose to leave Russia and migrate to other countries. This is an example of ________.

What is the largest minority group in the United States today?

When an executioner wears a hood he is separating his true identity (the man without a hood) from the one carrying out the execution. Such behavior is part of an effort to separate one's feelings from one's acts,called ________.

The group in society made up of the unemployed who can be put to work during times of high production and then laid off when they are no longer needed is called ________.

In American history,who were the white ethnics?

Switzerland is made up of four separate ethnic groups that have kept their own languages but are peacefully united politically and economically. This pattern of intergroup relations is an example of ________.

To which ethnic heritage do more Caucasians in America trace their roots than any other?

When the Native Americans were pacified by the military in the late 1800s,they were forced to learn the English language,dress like the white man,renounce their religion,and give up their customs. This was a classic example of ________.

What is the commonly-used definition of Chicano?

________ refers to seeing certain features of a situation while ignoring others,and the use of labels to group individual members as if they were all alike.

What is another name for multiculturalism?

What is the Implicit Association Test?

According to Adorno,a(n) ________ is a person who is prejudiced,has deep respect for authority and is submissive to authority figures.

What did Ezekiel suggest as the reason why some people are attracted to racist hate groups?