Question 1

Which of the following should occur first in developing a REAL model?

Accepted Answer

Interviewing system users should occur first in developing a REAL model because it helps in understanding the requirements and needs of the stakeholders. This will provide a better understanding of the events, entities, and relationships involved in the system, which will help in specifying the fields to be incorporated in database tables, reviewing the rules associated with cardinalities, and differentiating operating, information, and decision/management events.

Question 2

-How many tables will be required in the database for the REAL model above?

Accepted Answer

The REAL model typically requires separate tables for Resources, Events, Agents, and Locations, along with additional tables for relationships between these entities, leading to a total of eight tables.

Question 3

Within the context of REAL modeling, which of the following would best be described as decision/management events: (i) preparing a cost-benefit analysis of an event-driven accounting information system, (ii) delivering merchandise to customers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within the context of REAL modeling, which...

Question 4

Marsha is considering two accounting information systems for implementation in her organization. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline& \text { System A } & \text { System B } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Source document } \
\text { formats }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper } \
\text { only }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper and } \
\text { electronic }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Contains a table } \
\text { titled "journal } \
\text { entries" }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Based on a REAL } \
\text { model }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { No } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generates financial } \
\text { statements and other } \
\text { pre-defined reports }
\end{array} & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Outputs can be } \
\text { accessed by }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anyone in the } \
\text { organization }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Accounting } \
\text { personnel only }
\end{array} \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Which system(s) will most likely incorporate general ledger software as a primary form of information technology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marsha is considering two accounting information systems...

Question 5

Marsha is considering two accounting information systems for implementation in her organization. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline& \text { System A } & \text { System B } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Source document } \
\text { formats }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper } \
\text { only }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper and } \
\text { electronic }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Contains a table } \
\text { titled "journal } \
\text { entries" }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Based on a REAL } \
\text { model }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { No } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generates financial } \
\text { statements and other } \
\text { pre-defined reports }
\end{array} & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Outputs can be } \
\text { accessed by }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anyone in the } \
\text { organization }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Accounting } \
\text { personnel only }
\end{array} \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Which system(s) is (are) most likely to be event-driven?

Accepted Answer

Neither System A nor System B is based on a REAL model, which is typically associated with event-driven systems.

Question 6

All of the following are strategically significant operating events except:

Accepted Answer

Record operating cash flow is a financial reporting activity, not an operating event that directly impacts the strategic operations of a business.

Question 7

Charlie is a reservations agent for a large hotel chain; Sue needs to make a reservation for an upcoming business trip. Which of the following statements is most true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charlie is a reservations agent for a...

Question 8

Marsha is considering two accounting information systems for implementation in her organization. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline& \text { System A } & \text { System B } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Source document } \
\text { formats }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper } \
\text { only }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper and } \
\text { electronic }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Contains a table } \
\text { titled "journal } \
\text { entries" }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Based on a REAL } \
\text { model }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { No } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generates financial } \
\text { statements and other } \
\text { pre-defined reports }
\end{array} & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Outputs can be } \
\text { accessed by }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anyone in the } \
\text { organization }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Accounting } \
\text { personnel only }
\end{array} \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Which system(s) provide data for making decisions?

Accepted Answer

Both System A and System B generate financial statements and other pre-defined reports, which provide data for making decisions.

Question 9

Within the context of REAL modeling, which of the following would best be described as operating events: (i) preparing a cost-benefit analysis of an event-driven accounting information system, (ii) delivering merchandise to customers.

Accepted Answer

Operating events refer to the operational activities of a business that are directly related to its primary functions. Delivering merchandise to customers is a direct operational activity, making it an operating event. On the other hand, preparing a cost-benefit analysis of an event-driven accounting information system is more of a decision-making activity and not directly related to the primary function of a business, making it not an operating event.

Question 10

Within the context of REAL modeling, which of the following would best be described as information events: (i) preparing a cost-benefit analysis of an event-driven accounting information system, (ii) delivering merchandise to customers.

Accepted Answer

Information events refer to activities that generate or use data within the system, without directly changing the state of the system. Preparing a cost-benefit analysis of an event-driven accounting information system falls under this category as it involves gathering, analyzing and presenting data. Delivering merchandise to customers, on the other hand, is a process that changes the state of the system by physically moving goods from one location to another and doesn't involve information events.

Question 11

Consider the partial REAL model below:  Which of the following statements is least true?

Accepted Answer

The statement is not necessarily true. The REAL model may not include a relationship between the employee and the customer, depending on the requirements of the system or application being modeled. It is possible that the system may not involve any direct interactions between employees and customers.

Question 12

Marsha is considering two accounting information systems for implementation in her organization. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline& \text { System A } & \text { System B } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Source document } \
\text { formats }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper } \
\text { only }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper and } \
\text { electronic }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Contains a table } \
\text { titled "journal } \
\text { entries" }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Based on a REAL } \
\text { model }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { No } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generates financial } \
\text { statements and other } \
\text { pre-defined reports }
\end{array} & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Outputs can be } \
\text { accessed by }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anyone in the } \
\text { organization }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Accounting } \
\text { personnel only }
\end{array} \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Which system(s) is (are) most likely to be view-driven?

Accepted Answer

System B is view-driven because it contains a table titled "journal entries" and its outputs can only be accessed by accounting personnel.

Question 13

-For the "receive payment" table to be in third normal form, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

To be in third normal form, the "receive payment" table must have two foreign keys - one for the customer and one for the drink order. Fields for drink ingredients and a calculated field are not necessary for third normal form. At least three fields may be required, but it is not a determining factor for third normal form.

Question 14

-Which of the following fields is least likely to be necessary in the "take customer order" table?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
-Which of the following fields is...

Question 15

In preparing a REAL model, which of the following statements is least true?

Accepted Answer

REAL models do not necessarily include both internal and external agents; they focus on capturing the essential elements of business processes, which may or may not involve both types of agents.

Question 16

-Foreign keys in the "prepare drink" table will come from: (i) take customer order, (ii) customer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
-Foreign keys in the "prepare drink"...

Question 17

Marsha is considering two accounting information systems for implementation in her organization. $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline& \text { System A } & \text { System B } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Source document } \
\text { formats }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper } \
\text { only }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Paper and } \
\text { electronic }
\end{array} \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Contains a table } \
\text { titled "journal } \
\text { entries" }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Based on a REAL } \
\text { model }
\end{array} & \text { No } & \text { No } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Generates financial } \
\text { statements and other } \
\text { pre-defined reports }
\end{array} & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Outputs can be } \
\text { accessed by }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Anyone in the } \
\text { organization }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Accounting } \
\text { personnel only }
\end{array} \
\hline
\end{array}$

-Which system(s) can incorporate some form of information technology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marsha is considering two accounting information systems...

Question 18

"Apply for financial aid" is an example of a(n) __ event.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Apply for financial aid" is an example...

Question 19

In a REAL model, the main difference between "internal" and "external" agents is:

Accepted Answer

The main difference between internal and external agents in a REAL model is their relationship to the organization. Internal agents are part of the organization, such as employees, while external agents are outside of the organization, such as customers or vendors. This distinction is important for understanding the interactions and dependencies between agents and their impact on the organization. The requirement of a database table is not a distinguishing factor between internal and external agents, and their location in the REAL model may vary based on the specific implementation.

Question 20

-How many junction tables will be required in the database for the REAL model above?

Accepted Answer

In a REAL model, junction tables are required to handle many-to-many relationships. Typically, two junction tables are needed to manage these relationships effectively.

Quiz 7: Real Modeling