Question 1

Results from the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project indicate that
A)special classes are the most effective placement.
B)most early intervention programs are ineffective.
C)high school performance is not affected by early intervention.
D)early intervention can reduce the rate of intellectual disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project showed that early intervention can reduce the rate of intellectual disabilities. This implies that most early intervention programs can be effective if implemented properly. However, the results do not suggest that special classes are always the most effective placement or that high school performance is significantly affected by early intervention.

Question 2

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a
A)genetic syndrome.
B)personality characteristic.
C)behavioral phenotype.
D)behavioral genotype.

Accepted Answer

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is called a behavioral phenotype. Option A is incorrect because genetic syndrome is a broader term that describes a group of conditions caused by abnormalities in a person's chromosomes or genes. Option B is incorrect because personality characteristics may be influenced by genetic factors, but they are not specific and characteristic behavior repertoires associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder. Option D is incorrect because a behavioral genotype refers to the genetic basis of behavior, not the specific behavior repertoire associated with a genetic disorder.

Question 3

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is
A)working memory.
B)passive memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)active memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory refers to the ability to hold information in mind for a short period of time while simultaneously performing another task. This is a cognitive process that is important for many everyday activities, such as following instructions, reading comprehension, mental arithmetic, and problem-solving. Passive memory refers to the recall of information without any conscious effort, whereas long-term memory refers to the ability to store and retrieve information over a longer period of time. Active memory is not a commonly used term in psychology or cognitive science.

Question 4

Joe tends to believe whatever he is told,even highly questionable statements or claims,despite any evidence.This tendency is
A)self-deception.
B)gullibility.
C)unreasonable trust.
D)learned helplessness.

Accepted Answer

Joe's tendency to believe whatever he is told, regardless of evidence, is a classic example of gullibility. Gullibility is defined as the tendency to believe or trust someone or something too easily or without sufficient evidence.

Question 5

Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?
A)An individual's IQ score does not change from one testing to another.
B)All IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain extent.
C)The older the child,the less validity and reliability the test has.
D)IQ tests are ideal for assessing a person's ability to function in society.

Accepted Answer

It is widely accepted that all IQ tests are culturally biased to some extent, and this has been a topic of much debate among psychologists and researchers. Other options are not entirely correct: IQ scores can change over time (A), the validity and reliability of a test don't necessarily decrease with age (C), and IQ tests may not be the best measure of a person's ability to function in society in all cases (D).

Question 6

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is
A)improving parents' teaching skills.
B)preventing intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities.
C)improving family financial status through job training for parents.
D)improving the quality of the children's medical care.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is to prevent intellectual disabilities or further the development of children who have intellectual disabilities. These programs provide services and support for children and their families to ensure that children receive appropriate education and therapy to promote their development and prevent the onset of intellectual disabilities. While some programs may also address parent education or financial stability, these are not the primary focus of early intervention programs for children with mild intellectual disabilities.

Question 7

Joe,a 15-year-old boy,performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old.His IQ is about
A)25.
B)40.
C)60.
D)90.

Accepted Answer

Joe's IQ is calculated using the formula: IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) * 100. In this case, his Mental Age is 6 and his Chronological Age is 15. Therefore, his IQ = (6 / 15) * 100 = 40.

Question 8

Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of
A)verbal prompt.
B)gestural prompt.
C)modeling.
D)poor instruction.

Accepted Answer

Pointing to an item is a gesture, which is an example of gestural prompt. This helps the student to understand what they are supposed to do without relying only on verbal instruction.

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE?
A)Instruction of daily living skills is more effective in a controlled classroom setting.
B)It is easier to hold instruction in classrooms than in real-life settings.
C)Instruction in daily living skills should not include instruction in classroom settings.
D)There is no benefit to using real products and money when teaching daily living skills.

Accepted Answer

While it might be more challenging to teach daily living skills in real-life settings due to logistics and safety concerns, classrooms offer a controlled environment where instruction can be more easily managed and tailored to the learners' needs. This does not negate the value of real-life practice but highlights the practical aspects of classroom instruction.

Question 10

Research on classwide peer tutoring CWPT)to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that,compared to teacher-led instruction,CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT
A)increased academic performance for all students.
B)increased amount of engaged academic time.
C)increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only.
D)positive acceptance from the teachers and students.

Accepted Answer

The research has shown that CWPT resulted in increased academic performance for all students, increased amount of engaged academic time, and positive acceptance from the teachers and students. However, it did not result in increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only as stated in option C.

Question 11

Using instructional prompts,consequences for performance,and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called
A)community-based instruction.
B)functional instruction.
C)functional academics.
D)systematic instruction.

Accepted Answer

The use of instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is a hallmark of systematic instruction. Community-based instruction focuses on teaching skills in natural settings, functional instruction prioritizes teaching skills that are important for daily living, and functional academics refers to teaching academic skills in a meaningful and functional way.

Question 12

Each of the following are possible perinatal causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT
A)rubella.
B)syphilis.
C)anoxia.
D)low birth weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the following are possible perinatal...

Question 13

Each of the following is TRUE regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT
A)It presents challenges because it depends on individual perceptions.
B)It should consider society's view of quality of life as well as an individual's level of satisfaction.
C)There are no assessments to use with Spanish-speaking populations.
D)Quality of life is difficult to measure.

Accepted Answer

There are assessments available to use with Spanish-speaking populations, such as the Spanish version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire.

Question 14

An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is
A)syphilis.
B)flu.
C)meningitis.
D)spina bifida.

Accepted Answer

Meningitis is an infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacterial or viral agents. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection, and the flu is a viral respiratory illness. Spina bifida is a congenital malformation of the spinal cord.

Question 15

Keesha is trying to transfer control away from prompts to a more naturally occurring stimulus.She tells her daughter "Pick up your toys.Put them in that box [points to box]." Over the next few days,she will tell her daughter to pick up her toys,but will wait 10 seconds before telling her to put them in the box.This is an example of
A)progressive time delay.
B)timed response delay.
C)constant time delay.
D)intermittent time delay.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Keesha is trying to transfer control away...

Question 16

People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events.This belief is
A)a lack of self-regulation.
B)due to their histories of failure.
C)due to locus of control.
D)a problem with gullibility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with intellectual disabilities are likely to...

Question 17

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses
A)learn at the same rate as when they are not reinforced.
B)are susceptible to a "rebound effect," whereby punishment is ineffective.
C)learn at a faster rate than when they are not reinforced.
D)are highly likely to become dependent on reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that positive reinforcement is an effective way to increase the frequency of desired behaviors. When students receive praise, rewards or other positive reinforcements for correct responses, they are more likely to repeat those behaviors in the future. This has been shown to improve learning outcomes and increase the speed by which students learn new skills or concepts. However, there is no evidence to suggest that students become dependent on reinforcement or that they are susceptible to a "rebound effect."

Question 18

A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task,the ability to plan how to use the strategies,and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is
A)metacognition.
B)self-regulation.
C)working memory.
D)perception.

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the ability to understand one's own thinking processes and strategies, and is closely related to self-regulation and monitoring of one's own performance. Working memory is the ability to hold and manipulate information in the short-term memory. Perception refers to the process of interpreting sensory information from the environment. While self-regulation is related to metacognition, it specifically refers to the ability to manage one's own behavior, emotions, and motivation.

Question 19

In functional academics,academics are taught in the context of
A)daily living skills.
B)test-taking,such as the SATs.
C)the general education curriculum.
D)the common core state standards.

Accepted Answer

Functional academics focus on teaching academic skills that are practical and relevant to daily living, such as reading a menu or using money to make purchases. Therefore, academics are taught in the context of daily living skills.

Question 20

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?
A)A psychologist observes the student in the classroom.
B)The student is asked to perform a series of tasks.
C)A parent,teacher,or professional answers questions related to the student's behavior.
D)A close friend,chosen by the student,fills out a behavior rating form.

Accepted Answer

Adaptive behavior is typically assessed through measures such as interviews with parents, teachers, or professionals who know the individual well and can provide information on their daily living skills and behavior in different settings. This information is gathered using standardized tools such as adaptive behavior scales, inventories, or questionnaires. Observations and performance-based tests can also be used to assess adaptive behavior, but they are usually secondary to information from informants.

Quiz 5: Learners With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Results from the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project indicate that

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is

Joe tends to believe whatever he is told,even highly questionable statements or claims,despite any evidence.This tendency is

Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is

Joe,a 15-year-old boy,performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old.His IQ is about

Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of

Which statement is TRUE?

Research on classwide peer tutoring CWPT) to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that,compared to teacher-led instruction,CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT

Using instructional prompts,consequences for performance,and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called

Each of the following are possible perinatal causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT

Each of the following is TRUE regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT

An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is

People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events.This belief is

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses

A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task,the ability to plan how to use the strategies,and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is

In functional academics,academics are taught in the context of

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?