Voluntary Chains Are

Voluntary chains are

A) firms that own and manage more than one store.
B) retailer-sponsored groups formed by independent retailers that run their own buying organizations and conduct joint promotion efforts.
C) wholesaler-sponsored groups that work with "independent" retailers.
D) franchisors who develop good marketing strategies, and who carry out the strategy in their own units.
E) firms that own a single-store but operate through multiple franchisors.