Question 1

The nurse is contributing to a staff education program about infection control.Which information should the nurse recommend including as an example of a portal of exit for a pathogen in the chain of infection?

Accepted Answer

The portal of exit is the route by which the infectious agent leaves the host,which has become a reservoir for infection: respiratory tract,skin,mucous membranes,gastrointestinal tract,genitourinary tract,blood,open lesions,or placenta.A.B.D.Hair,nails,and the central nervous system are not portals of exit.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient with herpes simplex.Which statement related to disease transmission should the nurse include in the patient's discharge teaching?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex is transmitted through direct transmission.Illnesses spread by direct transmission may include influenza,impetigo,scabies,conjunctivitis,pediculosis,herpes,Clostridium difficile,and all sexually transmitted diseases,including HIV.A.Measles,chickenpox,and tuberculosis are transmitted by airborne transmission.B.HEPA filtration is not required,because herpes simplex is not an airborne illness.D.Vehicle transmission refers to the spread of an infectious organism by contact with a contaminated object.

Question 3

The nurse is contributing to a staff education program about infection control.What should the nurse recommend as examples of diseases that are transmitted by direct contact? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Illnesses spread by direct transmission may include influenza,impetigo,scabies,conjunctivitis,pediculosis,herpes,C.difficile,and all sexually transmitted diseases,including HIV.B.E.Measles and chickenpox are transmitted by airborne transmission.A.F.Diseases spread through vectors include malaria and Lyme disease.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a patient who is in droplet precautions.The nurse must wear a mask when providing care within what distances of the patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Direct transmission occurs through droplet spray into the eyes or mucous membranes during sneezing,coughing,spitting,singing,or talking.D.E.F.Droplet spread is usually limited to 3 feet or less.

Question 5

A patient is being admitted for treatment of a viral infection.Which diseases should the nurse recognize as being caused by a virus? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Shingles (varicella zoster),measles (rubeola),and infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr)are caused by viruses.C.Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)is caused by bacteria.D.Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)is caused by protozoa.E.Candida albicans is a fungus.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis.What airborne precautions should the nurse take while caring for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

When caring for patients with tuberculosis,wear an individually fit-tested N95 or HEPA respirator.HEPA respirators filter the tiniest particles from the air,unlike surgical masks,which can allow such particles to pass into the respiratory system of a host.The patient must be in a private isolation room with the door closed.The mask must be individually fitted to ensure adequate protection.B.A private room is required.E.A one-size-fits-all respiratory mask is not adequate when caring for a patient with tuberculosis.

Question 7

The school nurse is planning to teach a group of school-age children on cough etiquette.What should the nurse emphasize with these students?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should instruct the students to wash hands frequently with soap and water for 20 seconds especially after blowing the nose.A.Sneezing should be into the upper sleeve and not the hands.B.Used tissues should be placed in the waste basket.D.For droplet precautions,the distance is 3 feet so the students should be instructed to move at least 3 feet away from another person when sneezing.

Question 8

The nurse observes a patient being transported through the hall wearing a mask.For which medical diagnosis should the nurse suspect the patient is receiving care?

Accepted Answer

A mask must be worn for measles,tuberculosis,and varicella (chickenpox,shingles)during patient transport.B.C.D.A mask does not need to be worn for cellulitis,diphtheria,or clostridium difficile.

Question 9

A patient voids and asks to have the urinal emptied.Which action should the nurse take first?

Accepted Answer

The nurse would first put on gloves for protection,which do not need to be sterile to empty the urinal.B.A.Next,the nurse would measure the urine and then empty the urinal.D.The patient should be offered hand hygiene equipment to perform hand hygiene after voiding.

Question 10

A patient requires care that might cause the splattering of body secretions.Which item should the nurse wear when caring for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Using a mask,eye protection,or face shield for patient care if splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids are likely is the most essential item to wear.A.B.D.A cap,gown,or shoe covers may be worn as needed.

Question 11

The nurse has contributed to a staff education program about the principles for the first tier of standard precautions.Which statement by a nursing assistant indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Standard precautions are used in the care of all patients.These precautions require one to assume that all patients are infectious regardless of their diagnosis.Using gloves,gowns,masks,goggles,face shields,and,most important,hand washing helps prevent the spread of infection to health care workers and other patients.B.C.D.Transmission-based precautions are only added as needed,such as isolation.

Question 12

The nurse is collecting data from a patient with a surgical incision.Which findings indicate to the nurse that a local infection is present? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Manifestations of a local infection also include pain,redness,swelling,and warmth at the site.A.D.E.F.Symptoms of generalized infection may include headache,malaise,muscle aches,fever,and anorexia.

Question 13

The nurse suspects that patient is developing sepsis.Which findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

There can be an increase in fever,elevated white blood cell count,decreased blood pressure,mental confusion,tachycardia,and shock with sepsis.E.F.Bowel sounds and capillary refill would be decreased.

Question 14

A patient is being discharged from the hospital with a prescription for erythromycin.What should the nurse include when teaching about this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.Take with a full glass of water and not with acidic fruit juices.Explain that gastric distress is common but not a reason to stop the drug.B.Fluoroquinolones may cause drowsiness.D.Penicillins may cause white patches in the mouth or vaginal irritation.A.Several other types of anti-infectives,such as sulfonamides or tetracycline,require avoidance of sun exposure.

Question 15

A patient is admitted for treatment of an antibody-antigen response.What should the nurse explain to the patient about this response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Antibodies combine with specific foreign antigens on the surface of the invading organisms,such as bacteria or viruses,to control or destroy them.Antigens are neutralized or destroyed by antibodies by initiating destruction of the antigen; neutralizing toxins released by bacteria,promoting antigen clumping with the antibody,or preventing the antigen from adhering to host cells.A.Neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest foreign antigens through phagocytosis.

Question 16

The nurse is contributing to a staff education program about infection control.What information from the following list should the nurse recommend including about methods that are effective in destroying bacterial spores?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged exposure to high temperature destroys spores.A.C.D.Prolonged drying times,cleaning with soap and water,or exposure to room temperatures are not effective to eliminate spores.

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a patient who has influenza.In which type of transmission-based precaution should the patient be placed?

Accepted Answer

Droplet precautions are needed for influenza.A.C.D.Influenza is transmitted through droplets.Contact,airborne,or respiratory precautions are not appropriate for this health problem.

Question 18

The nurse is providing care for a patient with a known allergy to sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol).Which medications should the nurse question if prescribed for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Patients with a known allergy to one antibiotic in a class should not be given other antibiotics in that same class due to potential allergy; Gantrisin,Bactrim,and Septra are sulfa antibiotics and should not be given to a patient with a sulfa allergy.A.B.C.E.These medications are not sulfa antibiotics and can safely be provided to the patient.

Question 19

A patient learns that a serum antibody test is positive.What should the nurse explain to the patient about this test result?

Accepted Answer

A serum antibody test measures the reaction to a certain antigen.A.A positive result for this test does not always mean an active infection is present.It can simply mean there has been an exposure to the antigen.B.This test is not as accurate as a culture.D.This test does not identify antibiotics appropriate to treat an infection.

Question 20

The nurse is caring for a patient who is immunocompromised.Which action should the nurse take to ensure that the patient does not develop a hospital-acquired infection?

Accepted Answer

Intact skin and mucous membranes are the body's first line of defense against infection.Preventing skin dryness and cracking with lotion keeps the skin intact so organisms do not have an entry point.A.Restricting oral fluids could cause the oral mucous membranes to dry,permitting the entry of microorganisms into the body.C.Alcohol-based mouth washes are drying and could permit the entry of microorganisms into the body.D.Using a drying agent on the skin could encourage drying and cracking which could lead to microorganisms entering the body.

Quiz 8: Nursing Care of Patients With Infections