Question 1

Which of the following statements about neurons are NOT true?
A)The resting membrane potential is generally in the range of -40mv to -75mv.
B)Maintaining resting membrane potential requires the use of energy from ATP.
C)Neurons repolarize by opening chloride channels on the membrane
D)An action potential can occur when the neuron's sodium gates open.

Accepted Answer

Neurons repolarize by opening potassium channels on the membrane, not chloride channels.

Question 2

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is associated with
A)neuronal death
B)loss of axons
C)chronic inflammation
D)All of the above answers are correct

Accepted Answer

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of tau protein in the brain, which leads to neuronal death, loss of axons, and chronic inflammation. Therefore, all of the above choices are associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis (MS)are NOT true?
A)MS results in damage to neurons within the basal ganglia.
B)MS results in destruction of the myelin sheaths of axons in the central nervous system.
C)MS results in general fatigue and muscle weakness.
D)At present,no known cure exists for MS.

Accepted Answer

MS primarily affects the myelin sheaths of axons in the central nervous system, not the neurons within the basal ganglia.

Question 4

The resting membrane potential of neurons is determined by
A)the permeability of the cell membrane to various ions.
B)the number of hydrogen ions located within the neuron.
C)the difference in ion concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluids.
D)both A and C are correct

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential of neurons is determined by both the permeability of the cell membrane to various ions and the difference in ion concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluids. As ions move across the cell membrane, they create a separation of charge, which generates the resting membrane potential.

Question 5

During low intensity exercise,slow motor units are primarily recruited to do the work.

Accepted Answer

Low intensity exercise typically involves slow, sustained movements and requires less force. Slow motor units, which have a high endurance and are better suited for sustained contractions, are primarily recruited during this type of exercise.

Question 6

The "knee jerk" or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the muscle spindle.

Accepted Answer

The knee jerk reflex, also known as the patellar reflex, is a type of stretch reflex that occurs when the patellar tendon is tapped, causing the quadriceps muscle to contract and the leg to momentarily straighten. This reflex is due to the activation of the muscle spindle, which senses changes in muscle length and sends a signal to the spinal cord, which in turn sends a signal back to the muscle causing it to contract. Therefore, the knee jerk reflex is properly attributed to the activation of the muscle spindle, making option A the correct answer.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true about muscle chemoreceptors?
A)Muscle chemoreceptors send information to the central nervous system via group I and II fibers.
B)Muscle chemoreceptors respond to changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions.
C)Muscle chemoreceptors respond to changes in partial pressure of oxygen within the muscle fibers.
D)All of the above answers are correct

Accepted Answer

Muscle chemoreceptors respond to changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions, but do not respond to changes in partial pressure of oxygen within the muscle fibers. Option A is partially correct as muscle chemoreceptors send information to the central nervous system via group III and IV fibers, not group I and II fibers.

Question 8

An excitatory neurotransmitter
A)results in graded depolarization of the dentrites and cell body.
B)promotes excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
C)promotes potassium entry into the neuron.
D)both A and B are correct.

Accepted Answer

An excitatory neurotransmitter results in graded depolarization of the dendrites and cell body, leading to membrane potential moving towards the threshold for firing an action potential. This is known as an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Therefore, both option A and B are correct. However, an excitatory neurotransmitter does not promote potassium entry into the neuron.

Question 9

Repeated sport-related traumatic brain injuries (i.e. ,concussions)are associated with a higher risk of developing_________.
A)dementia
B)Alzheimers diease
C)impaired mental function
D)All of the above answers are correct

Accepted Answer

Repeated sport-related traumatic brain injuries are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and impaired mental function. Therefore, all the choices are correct.

Question 10

Equilibrium and balance require input from the
A)vestibular apparatus.
B)eyes.
C)joint,tendon,and muscle receptors.
D)all of the above answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the above answers are correct. Equilibrium and balance require input from the vestibular apparatus, eyes, joint, tendon, and muscle receptors. The vestibular apparatus helps maintain balance and spatial orientation, the eyes provide visual cues for balance, and the joint, tendon, and muscle receptors provide feedback on body position and movement. Together, they work to maintain equilibrium and balance.

Question 11

Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Voluntary movements are not solely planned and executed by the motor cortex. They involve input from sensory information, the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and other areas of the nervous system.

Question 12

The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine,and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine.

Question 13

The Golgi tendon organs monitor
A)tension produced by muscular contraction.
B)the length of muscle.
C)the concentration of sodium ions in the sarcoplasm.
D)the position of joints during movement.

Accepted Answer

Golgi tendon organs are sensory receptors located in the tendons of muscles. They are responsible for sensing changes in muscle tension produced by muscular contraction. When the tension is high, the Golgi tendon organs send signals to the spinal cord, which in turn causes the muscle to relax, thereby preventing injury.

Question 14

Exceptions to the size principle exist during the performance of high intensity and short duration exercise.This recruitment of fast motor units before activation of slow fibers can be achieved by
A)activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
B)inhibiting the activation of slow motor units.
C)reflex action by the Golgi tendon organ.
D)all of the above answers are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exceptions to the size principle exist during...

Question 15

Relative to brain health,regular aerobic exercise has been shown to
A)enhance learning and memory
B)improve brain blood flow
C)stimulate neuron formation
D)do all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Regular aerobic exercise has been shown to enhance learning and memory, improve brain blood flow, and stimulate neuron formation. All of these benefits contribute to better brain health.

Question 16

The mechanism responsible for the size principle is that compared to large motor neurons,
A)small motor neurons have a small surface area and are easier to depolarize.
B)small motor neurons have a larger (more negative)membrane potential.
C)small motor neurons do not respond to IPSPs
D)all of the above answers are correct

Accepted Answer

The size principle states that smaller motor neurons are recruited first before larger motor neurons. This is because small motor neurons have a smaller surface area and therefore are easier to depolarize. As more force is needed, larger motor neurons with a larger surface area are recruited. The other answer choices, (B) and (C), are not accurate mechanisms for the size principle.

Question 17

Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons,and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons,and parasympathetic neurons...

Quiz 8: The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement

Which of the following statements about neurons are NOT true?

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is associated with

Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis (MS) are NOT true?

The resting membrane potential of neurons is determined by

During low intensity exercise,slow motor units are primarily recruited to do the work.

The "knee jerk" or stretch reflex is due to the activation of the muscle spindle.

Which of the following statements are true about muscle chemoreceptors?

An excitatory neurotransmitter

Repeated sport-related traumatic brain injuries (i.e. ,concussions) are associated with a higher risk of developing_________.

Equilibrium and balance require input from the

Voluntary movements are planned and executed by the motor cortex without outside influence from other areas of the nervous system.

The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is acetylcholine,and the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is norepinephrine.

The Golgi tendon organs monitor

Exceptions to the size principle exist during the performance of high intensity and short duration exercise.This recruitment of fast motor units before activation of slow fibers can be achieved by

Relative to brain health,regular aerobic exercise has been shown to

The mechanism responsible for the size principle is that compared to large motor neurons,

Sympathetic neurons are motor neurons,and parasympathetic neurons are sensory neurons.