Question 1

Following endurance training,maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall (i.e,ventricular muscle mass increases).

Accepted Answer

Endurance training increases maximal cardiac output primarily due to an increase in stroke volume, which is facilitated by an increase in the volume of the left ventricle, not primarily due to an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall.

Question 2

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased fat storage in the liver does not directly contribute to endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise. The other choices (slower blood flow in muscle, increased FFA transporters, and increased beta oxidation enzymes) all contribute to the increase in fat metabolism during exercise.

Question 3

Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle enhances the capacity for aerobic metabolism, reducing lactate production and helping maintain acid-base balance during exercise.

Question 4

Following endurance training,afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

Accepted Answer

Endurance training improves the efficiency of oxygen delivery to the muscles by reducing the resistance to blood flow in the arterioles. This is due to a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity, which leads to a decrease in afterload during maximal exercise.

Question 5

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test,if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO₂ max test,mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

Accepted Answer

A maximal cycle ergometer test utilizes both legs, therefore, the total muscle mass involved in the exercise is greater than in a one-legged VO₂ max test. As a result, the total vasodilation in the legs during the maximal cycle ergometer test would be greater than in a one-legged max test, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and a drop in mean arterial blood pressure below normal levels.

Question 6

After a 15-week program of endurance exercise training,which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT decrease after 14 days of detraining?

Accepted Answer

Maximal heart rate is not a variable that improves with training, therefore it is unlikely to decrease with detraining. VO₂ max, maximal cardiac output, and maximal stroke volume all improve with endurance exercise training and are expected to decrease with detraining.

Question 7

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO₂ max with training,yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO₂ max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that training can improve VO₂ max in anyone, but genetics play a role in determining the upper limit of someone's VO₂ max. Elite endurance athletes have a higher VO₂ max due to their genetic predisposition and extensive training.

Question 8

In theory,concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise.The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition is_____________________________________.

Accepted Answer

AMP kinase activation of TSC2 is the proposed mechanism to explain the inhibition of muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise when concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training is performed. AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation can inhibit the mTOR pathway, which is crucial for muscle protein synthesis, through the activation of TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis complex 2).

Question 9

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia. 40.The initial decrease in VO₂ max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO₂ difference)are lost.

Accepted Answer

The initial decrease in VO2 max with detraining occurs because of a decrease in the ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to the muscles, not because of a loss of skeletal muscle adaptations.

Question 10

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance (strength)training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone.Which of the following mechanisms have NOT been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development?

Accepted Answer

All of the mechanisms (neural factors, overtraining, and depressed muscle protein synthesis) have been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development.

Question 11

It is well known that resistance exercise training promotes an increase in muscle protein synthesis by activating the mechanistic target of rapamyosin (mTOR)which results in increased protein synthesis.Recent evidence suggests that two signaling molecules interact to directly activate mTOR.These molecules are:

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidic acid and Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb) are known to directly activate mTOR, which is crucial for muscle protein synthesis.

Question 12

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

Accepted Answer

This is because the recruitment of motor units requires a greater demand for oxygen and energy, which in turn increases the heart rate and ventilation. By reducing the number of motor units required, the demand for oxygen and energy is also reduced, resulting in a lower heart rate and ventilation.

Quiz 14: Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Following endurance training,maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall (i.e,ventricular muscle mass increases).

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise?

Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise?

Following endurance training,afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test,if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO₂ max test,mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

After a 15-week program of endurance exercise training,which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT decrease after 14 days of detraining?

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO₂ max with training,yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO₂ max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete.

In theory,concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise.The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition is_____________________________________.

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia. 40.The initial decrease in VO₂ max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO₂ difference)are lost.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance (strength) training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone.Which of the following mechanisms have NOT been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development?

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

Quiz 14: Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, and Strength

Following endurance training,maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in the thickness of the left ventricular wall (i.e,ventricular muscle mass increases).

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise?

Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise?

Following endurance training,afterload decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test,if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO2 max test,mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

After a 15-week program of endurance exercise training,which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT decrease after 14 days of detraining?

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO2 max with training,yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO2 max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete.

In theory,concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise.The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition is_____________________________________.

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia. 40.The initial decrease in VO2 max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO2 difference)are lost.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance (strength) training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone.Which of the following mechanisms have NOT been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development?

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

In a "two-legged" maximal cycle ergometer test,if each leg were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO₂ max test,mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO₂ max with training,yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO₂ max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete.

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy is the result of muscle fiber hyperplasia. 40.The initial decrease in VO₂ max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (a-vO₂ difference)are lost.