Question 1

Prosocial behaviors are best described as actions that are
A) operantly conditioned.
B) classically conditioned.
C) helpful to others.
D) overimitated.

Accepted Answer

Prosocial behaviors are those that are helpful, kind, and considerate towards others. These actions are typically done with the intention of benefiting others and promoting social harmony. They are not necessarily operantly or classically conditioned or overimitated.

Question 2

Children of violent parents can often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.This best illustrates the impact of
A) operant conditioning.
B) observational learning.
C) classical conditioning.
D) latent learning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning involves learning by watching others and imitating their behavior. In this case, children of violent parents may observe and imitate their parents' aggressive behavior, leading to a learned tendency towards aggression.

Question 3

Repeated exposure to sexually violent movies leads viewers to experience
A) more sympathy for victims of domestic violence and to become more upset by the sight of real-life violence.
B) less sympathy for victims of domestic violence and to become less upset by the sight of real-life violence.
C) more sympathy for victims of domestic violence and to become less upset by the sight of real-life violence.
D) less sympathy for victims of domestic violence and to become more upset by the sight of real-life violence.

Accepted Answer

Repeated exposure to sexually violent movies can desensitize viewers to violence and make them less sympathetic towards victims of domestic violence. Additionally, they may become less emotionally affected by real-life violence, as a result of their exposure to graphic and violent media.

Question 4

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to
A) underestimate the actual frequency of violent crimes in the real world.
B) experience less distress at the sight of other children fighting on the school playground.
C) become more hesitant about personally starting a fight with another child.
D) become less fearful about being criminally assaulted.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to violent media can desensitize individuals to real-life violence, making them less sensitive or distressed when witnessing violence, such as fights among peers.

Question 5

A dramatic increase in children's violent play immediately after they viewed a video of the Power Rangers illustrates the role of television as a source of
A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) instinctive drift.
D) observational learning.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs when an individual observes and imitates the behavior of another person or character. In this case, the children were exposed to violent behavior through the Power Rangers show and then exhibited similar behavior in their own pretend play. This suggests that television can serve as a source of observational learning for children.

Question 6

Researchers found that in the United States and Canada,homicide rates doubled over a time in which TV with violent programming was introduced.This finding does not prove that viewing violence on TV causes aggression because
A) the finding could not be replicated in another country.
B) the researchers randomly assigned viewers to watch either violent or nonviolent programming.
C) the research finding involved correlational evidence.
D) the research participants knew they were part of an ongoing TV viewing study.

Accepted Answer

The research finding involved correlational evidence, which means that a correlation was found between the introduction of violence on TV and an increase in homicide rates but this does not prove causation. There could be other factors that contribute to both the increase in violence on TV and the increase in homicide rates, or there could be a reverse causality where increased violence in society leads to more violent programming on TV. Randomly assigning viewers to watch either violent or nonviolent programming (B) would provide experimental evidence and strengthen the claim that viewing violence on TV causes aggression, but this was not done in the research. The finding not being replicated in another country (A) or the participants knowing they were part of an ongoing TV viewing study (D) are not relevant to the validity of the finding.

Question 7

When seeing a couple warmly kiss and embrace,observers may vicariously experience and mentally simulate the romantic interaction.Some researchers would say that the reaction of the observers is partially attributable to the activation of
A) instinctive drift.
B) a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule.
C) mirror neurons.
D) cognitive maps.

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are activated when an individual observes someone else performing an action. They are particularly important in social cognition and can lead to the vicarious experience of emotions and actions. Thus, the activation of mirror neurons could explain why observers may mentally simulate the romantic interaction they are witnessing. A and B are not relevant to this scenario, and D is a cognitive phenomenon related to navigation and spatial awareness, which is not applicable here.

Question 8

Most researchers who have examined the effects of viewing televised violence conclude that
A) viewing violence takes people's minds off their own problems and thus reduces their aggressive urges.
B) exposure to media violence is one risk factor for increased aggression.
C) there is no correlation between viewing aggression and behaving aggressively.
D) although viewing violence is correlated with increased aggression,there is no evidence that viewing violence actually leads to aggression.

Accepted Answer

Most researchers have found a correlation between exposure to media violence and increased aggression, suggesting that viewing aggression is one risk factor for increased aggression. While it is not a direct cause, it can have an impact on behavior. A, C, and D are not supported by the majority of research on this topic.

Question 9

The violence-viewing effect is especially likely when the observed violence
A) causes visible harm.
B) goes unpunished.
C) seems unjustified.
D) is committed by an unattractive person.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that when violence is portrayed on screen without any consequence or punishment for the perpetrator, viewers are more likely to accept and even imitate the behavior. This is known as the "violence-viewing effect."

Question 10

After reading a first-person account of a fictional fellow student's experience of overcoming obstacles to vote,university students were subsequently more likely to vote in a presidential primary election.This best illustrates the impact of
A) instinctive drift.
B) latent learning.
C) vicarious experience.
D) classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of vicarious experience because the university students were influenced to vote after reading about someone else's experience of overcoming obstacles to vote. This shows that the students were positively impacted by someone else's experience, and they were more likely to engage in the same behavior. Instinctive drift and latent learning do not apply to this scenario, and classical conditioning is not relevant as there is no association between a stimulus and a response being established.

Question 11

Adult males who spent three evenings watching sexually violent films became
A) progressively more bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed more sympathy for domestic violence victims.
B) progressively less bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed less sympathy for domestic violence victims.
C) progressively less bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed more sympathy for domestic violence victims.
D) progressively more bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed less sympathy for domestic violence victims.

Accepted Answer

Exposure to violent content, including sexually violent films, can lead to desensitization. This means individuals may become less sensitive to the violence and its consequences over time, which can result in diminished empathy or sympathy for victims of such violence.

Question 12

Prolonged exposure to media violence causes people to become indifferent to violent brutality in real life.This best illustrates that one effect of viewing media violence is
A) vicarious reinforcement.
B) desensitization.
C) latent learning.
D) conditioned taste aversion.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that prolonged exposure to media violence leads to desensitization, meaning individuals become less sensitive to and less affected by violent behavior in real life.

Question 13

Mr.Zandee has stopped smoking because he wants to model healthy behavior patterns for his children.Mr.Zandee is apparently aware of the importance of ________ in his children's development.
A) latent learning
B) observational learning
C) instinctive drift
D) operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Observational learning refers to learning by observing others and then imitating their behavior. Mr. Zandee stopped smoking to model healthy behavior for his children, indicating that he is aware of the importance of observational learning in his children's development.

Question 14

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will
A) ignore both what the model says and does.
B) ignore what the model does but talk in ways consistent with what the model says.
C) ignore what the model says but act in ways consistent with what the model does.
D) talk in ways consistent with what the model says and act in ways consistent with what the model does.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experiments suggest that children exposed to a...

Question 15

Janet works at a theme park and trains new employees in communication,sales,and customer service skills.To achieve her goal,she would most likely use
A) theory of mind.
B) overimitation.
C) behavior modeling.
D) latent learning.

Accepted Answer

Behavior modeling involves demonstrating appropriate behaviors and skills for others to emulate. This would be the most effective method for training new employees in communication, sales, and customer service skills, as they can observe and learn from experienced employees. Theory of mind, overimitation, and latent learning are not as directly relevant to the training of these skills in the workplace.

Quiz 7: Learning

Prosocial behaviors are best described as actions that are

Children of violent parents can often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.This best illustrates the impact of

Repeated exposure to sexually violent movies leads viewers to experience

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to

A dramatic increase in children's violent play immediately after they viewed a video of the Power Rangers illustrates the role of television as a source of

Researchers found that in the United States and Canada,homicide rates doubled over a time in which TV with violent programming was introduced.This finding does not prove that viewing violence on TV causes aggression because

When seeing a couple warmly kiss and embrace,observers may vicariously experience and mentally simulate the romantic interaction.Some researchers would say that the reaction of the observers is partially attributable to the activation of

Most researchers who have examined the effects of viewing televised violence conclude that

The violence-viewing effect is especially likely when the observed violence

After reading a first-person account of a fictional fellow student's experience of overcoming obstacles to vote,university students were subsequently more likely to vote in a presidential primary election.This best illustrates the impact of

Adult males who spent three evenings watching sexually violent films became

Prolonged exposure to media violence causes people to become indifferent to violent brutality in real life.This best illustrates that one effect of viewing media violence is

Mr.Zandee has stopped smoking because he wants to model healthy behavior patterns for his children.Mr.Zandee is apparently aware of the importance of ________ in his children's development.

Experiments suggest that children exposed to a model who says one thing and does another will

Janet works at a theme park and trains new employees in communication,sales,and customer service skills.To achieve her goal,she would most likely use