Question 1

Kelly and Brian communicate few behavioral expectations to their children,and they are typically inattentive to their children's needs for supervision.Psychologists would characterize Kelly and Brian as ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

Negligent parents are characterized by being inattentive and uninvolved in their children's lives, and they often do not set clear behavioral expectations or provide adequate supervision.

Question 2

The Albertsons establish and enforce rules for their children to follow.They give reasons for the rules and invite their teenagers to join in the discussion when new rules are being made.Psychologists would characterize the Albertsons as ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

The Albertsons are characterized as authoritative parents because they establish rules but also explain the reasons behind them and allow for discussion with their teenagers. Authoritative parents are known for being responsive to their children's needs while also maintaining structure and rules, which promotes healthy development and self-esteem in children.

Question 3

Albert and Emily discuss their curfew rules with their children.They are especially likely to raise children who are

Accepted Answer

By discussing their curfew rules with their children, Albert and Emily are encouraging them to be independent and make responsible decisions. This promotes self-reliance, which is an important trait for success in adulthood. In contrast, strict curfew rules that do not allow for discussion or negotiation may lead to insecurity or rebellion in children. Therefore, A is the best choice.

Question 4

Bill is not really demanding or responsive to his son.His parenting style can be said to be

Accepted Answer

Bill's parenting style is characterized by neglect, as he is neither demanding nor responsive to his son. This falls under the neglectful/uninvolved parenting style.

Question 5

The association between authoritative parenting and the social competence of children might result from an underlying third factor such as shared genes.This best reminds us that

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights the possibility of a third variable causing the observed relationship between authoritative parenting and social competence, indicating that correlation does not necessarily imply causation.

Question 6

Compared with children raised in Westernized cultures,children in Asian cultures grow up with a strong sense of

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children in Asian cultures are raised with a strong emphasis on family and group identity rather than individual identity. This results in the development of a sense of "family self" where their identity is closely tied to their family and social group. Westernized cultures, on the other hand, tend to place more emphasis on individualism and self-esteem. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it correctly describes the cultural difference.

Question 7

The physical changes associated with puberty are typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of major sexual maturation milestones.

Accepted Answer

The sequence of major sexual maturation milestones during puberty is generally consistent across individuals, but there is significant variation in the age at which these changes occur. This means that while most adolescents will experience these changes in a similar order, the specific ages at which they do so can differ widely.

Question 8

Which of the following phases of development extends from the beginnings of sexual maturity to independence?

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is the phase of development that extends from the beginnings of sexual maturity to independence. Puberty refers only to the physical changes that occur during adolescence, while menarche specifically refers to the onset of menstruation in females. Emerging adulthood is a relatively new term that refers to the period of life between adolescence and full adulthood, typically between the ages of 18 and 25.

Question 9

The children of authoritarian parents tend to be ______ socially skilled than the children of authoritative parents.The children of permissive parents tend to be ________ immature than the children of authoritative parents.

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parenting is characterized by strict rules and a lack of emotional warmth, which can lead to children being less socially skilled. Permissive parenting, on the other hand, is characterized by a lack of rules and structure, which can lead to children being more immature. Authoritative parenting strikes a balance between rules and warmth, leading to children who are generally well-adjusted and socially skilled.

Question 10

Parents who make few demands on their children and use little punishment are

Accepted Answer

Parents who make few demands on their children and use little punishment are known as permissive. They are lenient and do not have a structured parenting style, which can lead to children feeling entitled and lacking proper boundaries.

Question 11

Unrestraining parents are said to be ______,whereas uninvolved parents are said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

Unrestraining parents refer to those who are permissive and give their children very little guidance or structure, whereas uninvolved parents are negligent and not involved in their children's lives at all. Therefore, the best choice is C, where permissive and negligent are opposites.

Question 12

Parents in Westernized cultures are more likely than parents in Asian cultures to encourage children to value

Accepted Answer

Western cultures tend to prioritize individualism and independence, whereas Asian cultures place more emphasis on collectivism and interdependence. Therefore, parents in Westernized cultures are more likely to encourage their children to value independence.

Question 13

Parents who discuss family rules are especially likely to raise children who are

Accepted Answer

When parents discuss family rules with their children, it helps them understand why certain rules are in place and provides them with a sense of autonomy and responsibility. This can lead to the development of self-reliance in children.

Question 14

The term puberty refers to the period of

Accepted Answer

Puberty refers to the period of rapid physical development and the onset of reproductive capability. It is characterized by hormonal changes that bring about sexual maturation, including the development of secondary sex characteristics such as breast development in females and facial hair growth in males. It typically occurs between the ages of 8-14 for girls and 9-16 for boys. Choices A and B refer to cognitive and social emotional development, respectively, while choice D refers to a Freudian concept that is not supported by empirical evidence.

Question 15

G.Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of

Accepted Answer

G.Stanley Hall described adolescence as a period of storm and stress, characterized by emotional turmoil, mood swings, and conflict with authority figures. This view of adolescence has since been criticized, as many researchers have found that not all adolescents experience storm and stress and that cultural and societal factors can impact the experience of adolescence.

Question 16

As a mother,Jill is not very caring or attentive to her child and does not seek a close relationship with her child.Jill can be classified as

Accepted Answer

The described behavior of not being caring or attentive to a child and not seeking a close relationship fits the definition of a negligent parenting style.

Question 17

Jennifer does not do well in school.She also has problems making and keeping friends.It is likely that her parents were

Accepted Answer

Negligent parenting, characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs, can lead to difficulties in academic performance and social interactions, as seen in Jennifer's case.

Question 18

Compared with the past,Western parents today place

Accepted Answer

Western parents today generally place less emphasis on obedience, reflecting a shift towards more democratic and child-centered parenting styles. They also tend to focus less on family loyalty, as individualism and personal achievement often take precedence in Western cultures.

Question 19

Levels of self-esteem in children are highest among children with ________ parents.

Accepted Answer

Children with authoritative parents tend to have the highest levels of self-esteem because these parents provide a nurturing and supportive environment while also setting clear and consistent rules and boundaries. Permissive parents may be too lax with their children, which can lead to decreased self-esteem as children may feel they are not being adequately guided. Authoritarian parents tend to be overly strict and controlling, which can also negatively impact a child's self-esteem. Conservative parenting style is not a commonly used term in the literature and is not related to self-esteem.

Question 20

Two characteristics of authoritative parents are that they provide children with

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parents are known to provide clear and consistent behavior expectations for their children while also being highly responsive to their needs and emotions. This parenting style is often seen as the most effective in promoting positive child development and healthy parent-child relationships.

Quiz 4: Developing Through the Life Span