Question 1

Physical exercise,sleep,and exposure to nonstressful but stimulating environments are most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis, or the generation of new neurons, is known to be promoted by physical exercise, adequate sleep, and exposure to stimulating environments. These factors can also lead to improved cognitive function and overall brain health. Lateralization refers to the specialization of different functions in each hemisphere of the brain and is not stimulated in the same way as neurogenesis. Hemispherectomy involves the surgical removal of one hemisphere of the brain, and exposure to nonstressful but stimulating environments is unlikely to promote the growth of new brain fissures.

Question 2

People who suffer partial paralysis as a result of damage to the ________will sometimes obstinately claim they can move a paralyzed limb.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who suffer partial paralysis as a...

Question 3

Deaf people who use sign language typically

Accepted Answer

Deaf people who use sign language process language in their left cerebral hemisphere, which is the same as hearing persons who use spoken language. This has been confirmed through neuroimaging studies. The other options are not supported by research.

Question 4

When a person speaks,brain waves and blood flow are especially likely to reveal increased activity in the

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere of the brain is primarily responsible for language processing and production, making it likely to show increased activity during speech. Blood flow and brain wave activity are often used as measures of neural activity in various brain regions, including the left hemisphere.

Question 5

Every nongenetic influence,from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us,is an aspect of our

Accepted Answer

The environment includes all non-genetic factors that can influence development and behavior, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us. Natural selection and heredity are both genetic factors that influence our traits, but they do not encompass all aspects of our development and behavior. The genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, but it does not account for all influences that shape behavior and development (such as environmental factors).

Question 6

Terri suffered brain damage as a result of a serious car accident when she was only 13 months old.Fortunately,her brain recovered because ________ is strongest in early childhood.

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to experiences and damage. This ability is strongest in early childhood when the brain is still developing and forming new connections. Therefore, Terri's brain was able to recover from the damage caused by the car accident due to its high level of plasticity at that young age.

Question 7

The control of speech production by the left rather than the right hemisphere of the brain best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the specialization of certain functions in one hemisphere of the brain over the other. In the case of speech production, it is controlled predominantly by the left hemisphere of the brain in most individuals, which exemplifies lateralization. Neurogenesis refers to the development of new neurons, brain fissures are deep grooves in the brain's surface, and plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life.

Question 8

Nongenetic influences are known as

Accepted Answer

Nongenetic influences refer to environmental factors that can have an impact on an individual's development or behavior, such as upbringing, culture, and life experiences. Biological influences, on the other hand, are genetic factors that are passed down from parents to their offspring. Heredity and behavior genetics are both related to genetic influences.

Question 9

The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is responsible for transmitting information between the two cerebral hemispheres. It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate and share information. Options A, C, and D describe functions that are not directly related to the corpus callosum.

Question 10

There is some hope that ________ discovered in the human embryo can someday be used to generate replacements for damaged neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into many different types of cells, including neurons. Research has shown that stem cells found in the human embryo could potentially be used to generate replacements for damaged neurons in the brain, offering hope for treating a variety of neurological disorders.

Question 11

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient.At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field.In identifying what she saw,the patient would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

The right visual field is processed by the left hemisphere, which is responsible for language in most people. Therefore, the patient would be able to verbally report seeing a boy, which was presented in the right visual field.

Question 12

A tendency for the brain's left and right hemispheres to serve different functions is called

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the specialization of certain functions in one hemisphere of the brain. Hemispherectomy involves the removal of one hemisphere of the brain, while neurogenesis refers to the growth of new neurons and plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt.

Question 13

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to

Accepted Answer

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is typically associated with impairments in language processing, which includes the ability to solve arithmetic problems. Copying drawings and recognizing faces and melodies are more typically associated with right hemisphere function.

Question 14

The process of forming new neurons within the brain is called

Accepted Answer

Neurogenesis is the process of forming new neurons within the brain. Lateralization refers to the specialization of function within each hemisphere of the brain, hemispherectomy is an extreme brain surgery in which one hemisphere is removed, and plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt over time.

Question 15

Sensory information is transmitted from the ________ visual field of ________ to the left cerebral hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

Sensory information from the right visual field of both the right and left eyes is transmitted to the left cerebral hemisphere due to the crossing of optic nerve fibers at the optic chiasm.

Question 16

Those whose corpus callosum is surgically severed are said to be patients with

Accepted Answer

Patients whose corpus callosum is surgically severed have split brains, meaning the two hemispheres of their brain cannot communicate as effectively with each other. Brain plasticity and neurogenesis refer to the brain's ability to adapt and create new neurons, but are not specific to patients with a severed corpus callosum. Brain fissures are not a recognized term in neuroscience.

Question 17

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce

Accepted Answer

Severing the corpus callosum, the bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain, is a surgical procedure used to treat severe cases of epilepsy. The procedure helps to prevent the spread of seizure activity from one hemisphere to the other. It does not directly affect lateralization, neural plasticity, or neurogenesis.

Question 18

After Clark's hand had been amputated,he gradually began to feel sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his arm was stroked.This best illustrates the consequences of

Accepted Answer

The ability of Clark's brain to adapt and reorganize itself after the amputation of his hand is an example of brain plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and reorganize itself in response to new experiences or changes in the environment. This is a key feature of the brain's flexibility and adaptability, and is essential for learning, development, and recovery from injury. The fact that Clark could feel sensations on his nonexistent fingers is a testament to the brain's plasticity, as it demonstrates how the brain has reorganized itself to incorporate the missing sensory input from his amputated hand.

Question 19

The ability to simultaneously copy different figures with the right and left hand is most characteristic of those whose ________ has been cut.

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is the main connection between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. If it is cut, the two hemispheres are functionally separated, allowing for the ability to perform different tasks with each hand (i.e. different figures).

Question 20

When Iona does her math homework,which area of her brain is most active?

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere of the brain is primarily responsible for logical and analytical thinking, which are skills used in mathematical problem-solving. Therefore, Iona's left hemisphere would be the most active while doing her math homework.

Quiz 2: The Biology of Behavior